Artificial water point use by large African mammals in a small enclosed savannah-woodland reserve: Insights from an 8-year study

Abstract

Maintaining water availability is crucial for sustaining wildlife populations in African savannah ecosystems, especially in semi-arid regions where natural surface water sources are limited. The establishment of Artificial Water Points (AWPs) has become a common management strategy in protected areas to mitigate the effects of water scarcity. This study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of mammal visitation to AWPs in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, over an eight-year period using motion-triggered camera traps. The study documented a total of 34 medium- to large-sized mammal species, with warthog, waterbuck, impala and yellow baboon being the most frequently captured. Temporal analysis reveals diurnal visitation patterns, with peak activity during mid-day hours, and seasonal variations, with most species exhibiting increased visitation during the hot-dry season. Spatial analysis identifies preferences for AWPs proximate to perennial rivers and tourist infrastructure, emphasising the role of habitat features and human presence in AWP utilisation. Management implications include the need for tailored strategies addressing species-specific behaviours and habitat conditions, alongside ongoing monitoring efforts to ensure the sustainability of wildlife populations and ecological integrity. Despite the inherent limitations of camera trap methodology, this study provides valuable insights into AWP management strategies essential for conserving biodiversity in semi-arid environments.