Disseminated protothecosis: Case report and review of the literature

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 DERMATOLOGY Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI:10.1111/cup.14668

Safoura Shakoei MD, Farid Mohamadi MD, Fereshteh Ghiasvand MD, Ali Reza Khosravi MD, Kambiz Kamyab MD, Faeze Salahshour MD

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Abstract

Background

Human protothecosis is an uncommon infection caused by Prototheca spp that rarely infects humans.

Aim

Description of a rare disease and a review of its articles.

Materials and Methods

We reported a 24-year-old man who presented with red-brown papules and plaques on the trunk's lateral side. We reviewed the literature about disseminated protothecosis and reported our experience with a patient with protothecosis between 2021 and 2023.

Results

Overall, 54 cases of disseminated protothecosis were evaluated, 39 were due to P. wickerhamii, 12 were due to P. zopfii (22.2%), and three were due to Prototheca spp. We found that males were more affected (37 cases, 68.5%) than females (16 cases, 29.6%). The mean age of patients was 39.53 ± 22.48 years. However, disseminated protothecosis can affect people of any age (1–80 years). In contrast to P. wickerhamii, which causes blood, skin, brain, and gastrointestinal tract infections, P. zopfii was mainly found in the blood (7/22) and did not have a significant difference in the mortality rate (P = 0.11).

Discussion

Disseminated protothecosis is a rare disease in immunocompromised patients but is generally rarer in immunocompetent hosts. Several underlying disorders include immunocompromised patients, prolonged application of steroids, diabetes mellitus, malignancies, organ transplantation, AIDS, and surgeries. Amphotericin B has been the most effective agent for protothecosis and is reserved for visceral and disseminated infections. Regarding localized cutaneous types, excision or surgical debridement is used.

Conclusion

Mulberry's appearance and appropriate cultural environments are helpful in diagnosing it.

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播散性原皮细胞增多症：病例报告和文献综述。

背景：目的：描述一种罕见疾病并回顾相关文章：我们报告了一名24岁的男性，他的躯干外侧出现红褐色丘疹和斑块。我们回顾了有关播散性原皮细胞增多症的文献，并报告了我们在 2021 年至 2023 年期间收治一名原皮细胞增多症患者的经历：我们发现，男性患者（37 例，68.5%）多于女性患者（16 例，29.6%）。患者的平均年龄为（39.53 ± 22.48）岁。然而，播散性原皮霉病可影响任何年龄的人（1-80 岁）。与导致血液、皮肤、大脑和胃肠道感染的威克汉姆原虫相比，佐普菲原虫主要存在于血液中（7/22），且死亡率无显著差异（P = 0.11）：讨论：播散性原虫病在免疫力低下的患者中是一种罕见的疾病，但在免疫力正常的宿主中一般更为罕见。一些潜在疾病包括免疫力低下患者、长期应用类固醇、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、器官移植、艾滋病和手术。两性霉素 B 是治疗原霉菌病最有效的药物，适用于内脏感染和播散性感染。对于局部皮肤类型，则采用切除或手术清创：结论：桑葚的外观和适当的文化环境有助于诊断。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 医学-病理学

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.90%

发文量

174

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Cutaneous Pathology publishes manuscripts broadly relevant to diseases of the skin and mucosae, with the aims of advancing scientific knowledge regarding dermatopathology and enhancing the communication between clinical practitioners and research scientists. Original scientific manuscripts on diagnostic and experimental cutaneous pathology are especially desirable. Timely, pertinent review articles also will be given high priority. Manuscripts based on light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy, histochemistry, immunology, molecular biology, and genetics, as well as allied sciences, are all welcome, provided their principal focus is on cutaneous pathology. Publication time will be kept as short as possible, ensuring that articles will be quickly available to all interested in this speciality.