Characterizing dehydration in short-term spaceflight using evidence from Project Mercury.

IF 4.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI:10.1038/s41526-024-00374-8
Robert J Reynolds, Mark Shelhamer, Erik L Antonsen, William R Carpentier
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Abstract

Short-term spaceflight is commonly perceived as posing minimal risk to human health and performance. However, despite their duration, short-term flights potentially induce acute physiological changes that create risk to crews. One such change is dehydration (primarily body water loss) due to a heat-stressed environment. Such loss, if severe and prolonged, can lead to decrements in performance as well as increase the risk of more serious medical conditions. Though the general mechanisms of dehydration are broadly understood, the rate and extent of dehydration in short-term spaceflight has not been characterized. Combining data from the six spaceflights of the US Mercury program with a causal diagram illustrating the mechanisms of dehydration, we fit a path model to estimate the causal effects for all pathways in the causal model. Results demonstrate that Mercury astronauts experienced some degree of dehydration across the range of suited time and that the relationship between suited time and dehydration appears to be logarithmic. We discuss causal interpretations of the results and how the results from this and similar analyses can inform countermeasure development for short-term spaceflight.

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利用 "水星计划 "的证据描述短期太空飞行中的脱水现象。
人们通常认为,短期航天飞行对人类健康和工作表现的风险极小。然而,尽管持续时间长,短期飞行仍有可能引起急性生理变化,给乘员带来风险。其中一种变化是由于热应激环境造成的脱水(主要是体内水分流失)。如果脱水严重且持续时间长,就会导致工作表现下降,并增加出现更严重病症的风险。虽然脱水的一般机制已广为人知,但短期太空飞行中脱水的速度和程度还没有定性。结合美国水星计划六次太空飞行的数据和说明脱水机制的因果图,我们拟合了一个路径模型,以估计因果模型中所有路径的因果效应。结果表明,在整个适应时间范围内,水星宇航员都经历了一定程度的脱水,而且适应时间与脱水之间似乎存在对数关系。我们讨论了结果的因果解释,以及该分析和类似分析的结果如何为短期太空飞行的对策开发提供参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
npj Microgravity
npj Microgravity Physics and Astronomy-Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
7.80%
发文量
50
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: A new open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal, npj Microgravity is dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms.
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