Addressing cybersecurity challenges in smart grid technologies: Implications for sustainable energy infrastructure

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the cybersecurity challenges in smart grid technologies and their implications for sustainable energy infrastructure. The primary objective is to analyze the vulnerabilities inherent in smart grids, evaluate existing cybersecurity measures, and propose strategic recommendations for enhancing security. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, this research scrutinizes peer-reviewed articles, technical reports, and standards documents published between 2014 and 2024. The methodology focuses on identifying cybersecurity threats, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies within smart grids, alongside exploring the role of standards, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder responsibilities in enhancing grid security. Key findings reveal that while smart grids offer enhanced efficiency and reliability, they also introduce significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities due to the integration of ICT. Advanced cybersecurity measures, including encryption and real-time intrusion detection, are critical in safeguarding these infrastructures. The study underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders and the development of comprehensive cybersecurity standards tailored to smart grid technologies. Finally, the future of smart grid cybersecurity presents both challenges and opportunities, with the potential for leveraging emerging technologies like blockchain and AI to enhance security measures. The study proposes several policy recommendations, including the enforcement of cybersecurity standards and the promotion of threat intelligence sharing. Conclusively, the research highlights the need for innovative security solutions and interdisciplinary research to bridge technical and policy-making domains, ensuring the secure and sustainable development of smart grid technologies. Keywords: Smart Grid Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, Cybersecurity Measures, Sustainable Energy Infrastructure.