Postawy obywatelskie w profilaktyce wiktymizacyjnej

B. Hołyst
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Abstract

Civic activity, i.e. voluntary action for the benefit of social interest, is regarded as the basis for the existence of civil society. Civic activity is expressed, among other things, in the giving of time, labor, energy, knowledge or money, that is, in the giving of one’s own resources for the benefit of others – for someone else’s benefit, but also for one’s own benefit. The type of activity in question is characterized by two properties. First, it is a purposeful activity, and it is based on the fact that man is a dynamic, acting being. Specific actions are directed toward something, and therefore are not a direct reaction resulting from the appearance of certain external factors, but are the result of a cognitive analysis of the situation. The type of activity in question refers to actions taken by an individual alone or together with others, with an intention aimed at the welfare of members of his own community. Every, even individually implemented action for the benefit of others contains a social context. Then “social” does not mean “group”, but “undertaken for the benefit of the community. The article examines in detail not only the essence of civic activity, also civic education, “civic organizations” and paying taxes.
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预防受害的公民态度
公民活动,即为社会利益而采取的自愿行动,被视为公民社会存在的基础。公民活动主要表现为奉献时间、劳动、精力、知识或金钱,即为了他人的利益奉献自己的资源--为了他人的利益,同时也为了自己的利益。这种活动有两个特点。首先,它是一种有目的的活动,其基础是人是一种动态的、行动的存在。具体的行动是有目标的,因此不是某些外部因素出现后的直接反应,而是对情况进行认知分析的结果。这种活动指的是个人单独或与他人共同采取的行动,其目的是为自己社区的成员谋福利。为他人谋福利的每一个行动,即使是单独实施的行动,都包含着社会背景。那么,"社会 "就不是指 "群体",而是指 "为群体的利益而采取的行动"。本文不仅详细探讨了公民活动的本质,还探讨了公民教育、"公民组织 "和纳税等问题。
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