Sex and gender differences in adverse events following influenza and COVID-19 vaccination.

IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Biology of Sex Differences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI:10.1186/s13293-024-00625-z
Anna Yin, Nadia Wang, Patrick J Shea, Erica N Rosser, Helen Kuo, Janna R Shapiro, Katherine Z J Fenstermacher, Andrew Pekosz, Richard E Rothman, Sabra L Klein, Rosemary Morgan
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Abstract

Introduction: Active and passive surveillance studies have found that a greater proportion of females report adverse events (AE) following receipt of either the COVID-19 or seasonal influenza vaccine compared to males. In a predominately young adult female population of healthcare workers, we sought to determine the intersection of biological sex and sociocultural gender differences in prospective active reporting of vaccine outcomes, which remains poorly characterized.

Methods: This cohort study enrolled Johns Hopkins Health System healthcare workers (HCWs) who were recruited from the mandatory annual fall 2019-2022 influenza vaccine and the fall 2022 COVID-19 bivalent vaccine campaigns. Vaccine recipients were enrolled the day of vaccination and AE surveys were administered two days post-vaccination for bivalent COVID-19 and influenza vaccine recipients. Data were collected regarding the presence of a series of solicited local and systemic AEs. Open-ended answers about participants' experiences with AEs also were collected for the COVID-19 vaccine recipients.

Results: Females were more likely to report local AEs after either influenza (OR = 2.28, p = 0.001) or COVID-19 (OR = 2.57, p = 0.008) vaccination compared to males, regardless of age or race. Males and females had comparable probabilities of reporting systemic AEs after either influenza (OR = 1.18, p = 0.552) or COVID-19 (OR = 0.96, p = 0.907) vaccination. Hormonal birth control use did not impact the rates of reported AEs following influenza vaccination among reproductive-aged female HCWs. Women reported more interruptions in their daily routine following COVID-19 vaccination than men and were more likely to seek out self-treatment. More women than men scheduled their COVID-19 vaccination before their days off in anticipation of AEs.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for sex- and gender-inclusive policies to inform more effective mandatory occupational health vaccination strategies. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential disruption of AEs on occupational responsibilities following mandated vaccination for healthcare workers, a predominately female population, and to more fully characterize the post-vaccination behavioral differences between men and women.

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接种流感疫苗和 COVID-19 疫苗后不良事件的性别差异。
导言:主动和被动监测研究发现,与男性相比,女性在接种 COVID-19 或季节性流感疫苗后报告不良事件(AE)的比例更高。在以年轻女性为主的医护人员群体中,我们试图确定生物性别和社会文化性别差异在疫苗结果前瞻性主动报告中的交叉点,而这一交叉点的特征还很不明显:这项队列研究招募了约翰霍普金斯卫生系统的医护人员(HCWs),他们是从 2019-2022 年秋季流感疫苗和 2022 年秋季 COVID-19 二价疫苗强制接种活动中招募的。疫苗接种者在接种当天进行登记,接种两天后对 COVID-19 二价疫苗和流感疫苗接种者进行 AE 调查。调查收集了有关一系列局部和全身性AE的数据。此外,还收集了 COVID-19 疫苗接种者对AEs经历的开放式回答:结果:与男性相比,无论年龄或种族如何,女性在接种流感疫苗(OR = 2.28,p = 0.001)或 COVID-19 疫苗(OR = 2.57,p = 0.008)后更有可能出现局部不良反应。男性和女性在接种流感疫苗(OR = 1.18,p = 0.552)或 COVID-19 疫苗(OR = 0.96,p = 0.907)后报告全身性 AE 的概率相当。使用荷尔蒙避孕药不会影响育龄女性医护人员接种流感疫苗后报告的不良反应发生率。与男性相比,女性在接种 COVID-19 疫苗后会中断更多的日常工作,并且更有可能寻求自我治疗。与男性相比,更多的女性将COVID-19疫苗接种安排在休息日之前,以防发生AEs:我们的研究结果强调了制定性别包容政策的必要性,以便为更有效的强制性职业健康疫苗接种策略提供依据。还需要进一步研究,以评估医疗保健工作者(女性占绝大多数)在强制接种疫苗后可能出现的AE对职业责任的干扰,并更全面地描述男性和女性在接种疫苗后的行为差异。
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来源期刊
Biology of Sex Differences
Biology of Sex Differences ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-GENETICS & HEREDITY
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.30%
发文量
69
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Biology of Sex Differences is a unique scientific journal focusing on sex differences in physiology, behavior, and disease from molecular to phenotypic levels, incorporating both basic and clinical research. The journal aims to enhance understanding of basic principles and facilitate the development of therapeutic and diagnostic tools specific to sex differences. As an open-access journal, it is the official publication of the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and co-published by the Society for Women's Health Research. Topical areas include, but are not limited to sex differences in: genomics; the microbiome; epigenetics; molecular and cell biology; tissue biology; physiology; interaction of tissue systems, in any system including adipose, behavioral, cardiovascular, immune, muscular, neural, renal, and skeletal; clinical studies bearing on sex differences in disease or response to therapy.
期刊最新文献
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