Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to selected pathogens for healthcare personnel.

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI:10.1097/QCO.0000000000001029

Alison Han, David K Henderson

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Timely postexposure prophylaxis is important after an occupational exposure. Here we review select organisms, exposure opportunities in the healthcare setting, and postexposure prophylaxis regimens.

Recent findings: Needlestick injuries pose a risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Risk mitigation strategies should be reexamined in light of newer vaccines and therapeutics. Increased vaccine hesitancy and vaccine denialisms may foster the re-emergence of some infections that have become extremely uncommon because of effective vaccines. With increasing occurrences of zoonotic infections and the ease of global spread as evidenced by COVID-19 and mpox, healthcare exposures must also consider risks related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

Summary: Early recognition and reporting of occupational exposures to pathogens with available postexposure prophylaxis is key to mitigating the risk of transmission. Providers should be able to evaluate the exposure and associated risks to provide prompt and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis.

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医护人员职业暴露于特定病原体的暴露后预防。

审查目的：职业暴露后及时进行暴露后预防非常重要。在此，我们回顾了选定的生物体、在医疗环境中的暴露机会以及暴露后预防方案：针刺伤带来了接触血液传播病原体（如艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎）的风险。对疫苗犹豫不决和拒绝接受疫苗的态度加剧，可能会导致一些因有效疫苗而变得极为罕见的感染再次出现。随着人畜共患传染病的增加以及 COVID-19 和 mpox 在全球范围内传播的便利性，医疗保健接触也必须考虑与新出现和再次出现的传染病相关的风险。医疗服务提供者应能够评估接触情况和相关风险，以提供及时、适当的接触后预防措施。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

2.60%

发文量

121

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： This reader-friendly, bimonthly resource provides a powerful, broad-based perspective on the most important advances from throughout the world literature. Featuring renowned guest editors and focusing exclusively on two topics, every issue of Current Opinion in Infectious Disease delivers unvarnished, expert assessments of developments from the previous year. Insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews cover key subjects such as HIV infection and AIDS; skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory infections; paediatric and neonatal infections; gastrointestinal infections; tropical and travel-associated diseases; and antimicrobial agents.