Comprehensive Exploration of the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba Leaves in Treating Neurological Disorders.

The American journal of Chinese medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI:10.1142/S0192415X24500435
Qiwei Liu, Jinghui Wang, Zongyun Gu, Ting Ouyang, Honglei Gao, Hongxing Kan, Yinfeng Yang
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Abstract

Neurological disorders (NDs) are diseases that seriously affect the health of individuals worldwide, potentially leading to a significant reduction in the quality of life for patients and their families. Herbal medicines have been widely used in the treatment of NDs due to their multi-target and multi-pathway features. Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs), one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world, have been demonstrated to present therapeutic effects on NDs. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of GBLs in the treatment of neurological disorders have not been systematically summarized. This study aimed to summarize the molecular mechanism of GBLs in treating NDs from the cell models, animal models, and clinical trials of studies. Four databases, i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: "Ginkgo biloba", "Ginkgo biloba extract", "Ginkgo biloba leaves", "Ginkgo biloba leaves extract", "Neurological disorders", "Neurological diseases", and "Neurodegenerative diseases". All items meeting the inclusion criteria on the treatment of NDs with GBLs were extracted and summarized. Additionally, PRISMA 2020 was performed to independently evaluate the screening methods. Out of 1385 records in the database, 52 were screened in relation to the function of GBLs in the treatment of NDs; of these 52 records, 39 were preclinical trials and 13 were clinical studies. Analysis of pharmacological studies revealed that GBLs can improve memory, cognition, behavior, and psychopathology of NDs and that the most frequently associated GBLs are depression, followed by Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the clinical studies of depression, AD, and stroke are the most common, and most of the remaining ND data are available from in vitro or in vivo animal studies. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of GBLs in treating NDs are mainly through free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory response, mitochondrial protection, neurotransmitter regulation, and antagonism of PAF. This is the first paper to systematically and comprehensively investigate the pharmacological effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of GBLs in the treatment of NDs thus far. All findings contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy and complexity of GBLs in treating NDs, which is of great significance for the further clinical application of this herbal medicine.

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全面探索银杏叶治疗神经系统疾病的神经保护机制。
神经系统疾病(NDs)是严重影响全球个人健康的疾病,可能导致患者及其家人的生活质量显著下降。由于中草药具有多靶点、多途径的特点,因此被广泛用于治疗 NDs。银杏叶(GBLs)是世界上最受欢迎的草药之一,已被证实对 NDs 具有治疗作用。然而,GBLs 治疗神经系统疾病的药理机制尚未得到系统总结。本研究旨在从细胞模型、动物模型和临床试验研究中总结GBLs治疗NDs的分子机制。本研究使用以下关键词检索了四个数据库,即 PubMed、Google Scholar、CNKI 和 Web of Science:"银杏叶"、"银杏叶提取物"、"银杏叶"、"银杏叶提取物"、"神经系统疾病"、"神经系统疾病 "和 "神经退行性疾病"。提取并汇总了所有符合纳入标准的有关用 GBL 治疗 NDs 的项目。此外,还对筛选方法进行了PRISMA 2020独立评估。在数据库的 1385 条记录中,筛选出 52 条与 GBLs 治疗 NDs 功能相关的记录;在这 52 条记录中,39 条为临床前试验,13 条为临床研究。药理学研究分析表明,GBLs可以改善NDs的记忆、认知、行为和精神病理学,最常见的相关GBLs是抑郁症,其次是阿尔茨海默病、中风、亨廷顿病和帕金森病。此外,抑郁症、阿尔兹海默病和中风的临床研究最为常见,其余的玖玖彩票网正规吗数据大多来自体外或体内动物研究。此外,GBLs治疗NDs的可能机制主要是通过清除自由基、抗氧化活性、抗炎反应、线粒体保护、神经递质调节和拮抗PAF。这是迄今为止第一篇系统、全面地研究 GBLs 治疗 NDs 的药理作用和神经保护机制的论文。所有研究结果都有助于更好地理解GBLs治疗NDs的疗效和复杂性,这对该中药的进一步临床应用具有重要意义。
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