Mastery Learning in Preclinical Endodontics Using Customized 3D-Printed Tooth Models for Deliberate Practice: An Application of Educational Design Research

Abstract

Introduction

This study, conducted within an educational design research (EDR) framework, assessed the use of customized 3D-printed tooth models at various difficulty levels to enhance mastery learning and deliberate practice in preclinical endodontic training.

Methods

The EDR was conducted in a preclinical endodontic training involving 42 third-year students. The study focused on developing and evaluating 3D-printed tooth models customized into 3 difficulty levels to facilitate mastery learning for the access opening procedure on upper anterior teeth. To promote deliberate practice, we ensured ample availability of these models. The evaluation combined quantitative analysis, using Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests to assess practice volume and performance, with qualitative feedback from interviews and focus groups, analyzed via content analysis.

Results

There was a significant reduction in practice time across the different model levels, with students using an average of 1.5–1.8 models per level. No significant differences in performance scores were observed across levels and natural tooth (P = .333). Feedback highlighted the models' educational value in enhancing dental training, indicating their effectiveness in improving learning experiences and skill development in endodontic education.

Conclusions

The innovative design of a 3D-printed tooth model system, which features 3 levels of difficulty and was developed within an EDR framework, allowed for tailored learning progressions and ample practice opportunities. This significantly enhanced the endodontic training experience and skill development by providing varied and realistic challenges.