Current epidemiology of chronic liver disease.

Abstract

Chronic liver disease presents a significant global health burden, characterized by several etiologies, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This review explored current epidemiological trends and projections for each etiology, looking into their respective burdens and challenges. MASLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease, and its global incidence and prevalence are steadily rising. ALD, fueled by increased alcohol consumption, is also on the rise, with concerning implications for future mortality rates. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections remain major public health concerns, particularly in specific regions of the world, necessitating concerted efforts for screening and treatment. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the epidemiology of chronic liver disease, exacerbating mortality rates and disrupting healthcare services. Mental health issues arising from the pandemic further complicate the treatment of chronic liver disease, making comprehensive healthcare strategies essential. Despite advancements in treatment, chronic liver disease continues to impose a substantial economic burden, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and early intervention. In conclusion, ongoing surveillance and research efforts are crucial for understanding and addressing the evolving landscape of chronic liver disease. Comprehensive strategies that encompass prevention, screening, and treatment of its different etiologies are essential for mitigating its impact and improving patient outcomes.