A 30-year perspective of low-dose dexamethasone, a single dose of mannitol and antiseizures prophylaxis on the prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis.

Abstract

Objectives: This study details the accumulated experience of more than 31 years using a low-dose systematic dexamethasone protocol with mannitol and antiseizure prophylaxis for the treatment of suspected pneumococcal meningitis.

Methods: Data have been prospectively collected for the period1977-2018. From 1987, patients with suspected pneumococcal meningitis received 12 mg dexamethasone followed by 4 mg/6 h for 48 h, started before or with the first antibiotic dose. They also received (1) a single intravenous dose of 0.5-1 g/Kg mannitol, and (2) antiseizure prophylaxis with phenytoin.

Results: In total, 363 episodes of pneumococcal meningitis were recorded. Of these, 242 were treated with the dexamethasone protocol after 1987 and 121 were treated without the protocol. Overall mortality was 11.6% (28/242) among patients treated with dexamethasone and 35% (43/121) among those treated without dexamethasone (p = 0.000). Early mortality was significantly lower at 5.8% (14/242) with dexamethasone and 24% (29/121) without dexamethasone (p = 0.000). Finally, neurological mortality was significantly lower at 7.4% (18/242) with dexamethasone and 23% (28/121) without dexamethasone (p = 0.000).

Conclusions: A low dose of dexamethasone along with a single dose of mannitol and antiseizures prophylaxis might be useful for reducing both overall and early mortality in pneumococcal meningitis in adult patients.