Patellofemoral joint cartilage lesions frequently develop shortly after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft: A systematic review.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the development of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) cartilage lesions following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring tendon (HT) autograft through a systematic review.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases to find articles published from database inception until 15 November 2023. The search terms were [('Anterior Cruciate Ligament' [mesh] OR 'anterior cruciate ligament' OR 'ACL') AND 'reconstruction' AND 'cartilage' AND ('second look arthroscopy' OR 'second-look arthroscopy' OR 'MRI' OR 'magnetic resonance imaging')]. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported on the occurrence of PFJ cartilage lesions following ACLR using HT autograft, as determined by second-look arthroscopy or follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: Fifteen studies (1084 patients) met the inclusion criteria, with follow-up periods ranging from 1 to 5 years. In the results of second-look arthroscopy, cartilage grade deterioration was observed, ranging from MDs of 0.1 to 2.0 in the patella and from 0 to 1.0 in the trochlea. Follow-up MRI results reported the incidence of PFJ cartilage degeneration with rates ranging from 20% to 44%. Patient-reported outcome measures often showed no significant association with PFJ cartilage lesions. The studies included in this review reported various risk factors for cartilage lesion development.

Conclusion: Cartilage lesions in the PFJ, detected using second-look arthroscopy or follow-up MRI, frequently develop shortly after ACLR using HT autograft. At this stage, patients might not show specific symptoms; however, those with risk factors require careful observation and evaluation by clinicians during follow-up.

Level of evidence: Level IV.