Personalized Cognitive Health in Psychiatry: Current State and the Promise of Computational Methods.

IF 5.3 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Schizophrenia Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbae108
Cathy S Chen, Sophia Vinogradov
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Abstract

Background: Decades of research have firmly established that cognitive health and cognitive treatment services are a key need for people living with psychosis. However, many current clinical programs do not address this need, despite the essential role that an individual's cognitive and social cognitive capacities play in determining their real-world functioning. Preliminary practice-based research in the Early Psychosis Intervention Network early psychosis intervention network shows that it is possible to develop and implement tools that delineate an individuals' cognitive health profile and that help engage the client and the clinician in shared decision-making and treatment planning that includes cognitive treatments. These findings signify a promising shift toward personalized cognitive health.

Study design: Extending upon this early progress, we review the concept of interindividual variability in cognitive domains/processes in psychosis as the basis for offering personalized treatment plans. We present evidence from studies that have used traditional neuropsychological measures as well as findings from emerging computational studies that leverage trial-by-trial behavior data to illuminate the different latent strategies that individuals employ.

Study result: We posit that these computational techniques, when combined with traditional cognitive assessments, can enrich our understanding of individual differences in treatment needs, which in turn can guide evermore personalized interventions.

Conclusion: As we find clinically relevant ways to decompose maladaptive behaviors into separate latent cognitive elements captured by model parameters, the ultimate goal is to develop and implement approaches that empower clients and their clinical providers to leverage individual's existing learning capacities to improve their cognitive health and well-being.

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精神病学中的个性化认知健康:计算方法的现状和前景。
背景:数十年的研究已经证实,认知健康和认知治疗服务是精神病患者的关键需求。然而,尽管个人的认知和社会认知能力在决定其现实世界功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用,但目前的许多临床项目并没有满足这一需求。早期精神病干预网络(Early Psychosis Intervention Network)早期精神病干预网络基于实践的初步研究表明,开发和实施能够描述个体认知健康状况的工具,并帮助客户和临床医生参与共同决策和治疗规划(包括认知治疗)是可行的。这些发现标志着向个性化认知健康转变的前景光明:研究设计:在这一早期进展的基础上,我们回顾了精神病认知领域/过程中的个体差异这一概念,并将其作为提供个性化治疗计划的基础。我们介绍了使用传统神经心理学测量方法的研究证据,以及新兴计算研究的结果,这些研究利用逐次试验的行为数据来阐明个体所采用的不同潜在策略:研究结果:我们认为,这些计算技术与传统认知评估相结合,可以丰富我们对治疗需求个体差异的理解,进而指导我们采取更加个性化的干预措施:当我们找到与临床相关的方法,将适应不良行为分解为由模型参数捕捉到的独立的潜在认知元素时,我们的最终目标是开发和实施各种方法,使客户及其临床服务提供者能够利用个人现有的学习能力来改善他们的认知健康和福祉。
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来源期刊
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Schizophrenia Bulletin 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
6.10%
发文量
163
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Schizophrenia Bulletin seeks to review recent developments and empirically based hypotheses regarding the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. We view the field as broad and deep, and will publish new knowledge ranging from the molecular basis to social and cultural factors. We will give new emphasis to translational reports which simultaneously highlight basic neurobiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Some of the Bulletin content is invited as special features or manuscripts organized as a theme by special guest editors. Most pages of the Bulletin are devoted to unsolicited manuscripts of high quality that report original data or where we can provide a special venue for a major study or workshop report. Supplement issues are sometimes provided for manuscripts reporting from a recent conference.
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