Anatomical variations of the extracranial internal carotid artery: prevalence, risk factors, and imaging insights from CT-angiography.

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Medicine Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI:10.1007/s00276-024-03425-7

Aida Barfzadeh, Mohammad Saba, Pouria Pourzand, Mohammad-Rasoul Jalalifar, Seyed Danial Alizadeh, Hanieh Mirkamali, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of different extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) variations in CT angiography (CTA) of the neck and its predisposing factors.

Methods: In this retrospective study from 2021 to 2023 conducted in the radiology department of Shafa Hospital, Kerman, Iran, all patients who had undergone neck CTA were included. Expert radiologists blindly examined each CTA image for the following: EICA variations-coiling, kinking, straight morphology, and tortuosity-and the distance between the internal carotid artery and the apex of the epiglottis and the C2 lower margin.

Results: Of the 106 patients, the mean age was 55.9 ± 16.9 years. 64.2% were men, and 35.8% were women. Considering each patient's bilateral anatomy, the reported 70.28% (149/212) frequency of EICA variations of all arteries. Tortuosity, kinking, and coiling variation were found in 61.8%, 4.2%, and 4.2% of arteries, respectively. Also, 54.72%, 1.89%, and 0.94% of the participants had bilateral tortuosity, kinking, and coiling, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of EICA variations and female sex, age, and hypertension.

Conclusion: The frequency of EICA variations in arteries and patients was 70.28% and 73.58%, respectively. Tortuosity was the most common variation. Female sex, old age, and hypertension were significant risk factors for EICA variations.

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颅外颈内动脉的解剖变异：发病率、风险因素和 CT 血管造影的成像见解。

目的：确定颈部 CT 血管造影（CTA）中不同颅外颈内动脉（EICA）变异的发生率及其诱发因素：这项回顾性研究于 2021 年至 2023 年在伊朗克尔曼沙法医院放射科进行，纳入了所有接受过颈部 CTA 检查的患者。放射科专家对每张 CTA 图像进行盲法检查，以确定以下因素：EICA变异--卷曲、扭结、平直形态和迂曲，以及颈内动脉与会厌顶点和C2下缘之间的距离：106名患者的平均年龄为（55.9 ± 16.9）岁。64.2%为男性，35.8%为女性。考虑到每位患者的双侧解剖结构，报告显示所有动脉的 EICA 变异频率为 70.28%（149/212）。在61.8%、4.2%和4.2%的动脉中分别发现了扭曲、扭结和卷曲变异。此外，分别有 54.72%、1.89% 和 0.94% 的参与者的双侧动脉出现迂曲、扭结和卷曲。EICA变异的发生率与女性性别、年龄和高血压有明显关系：动脉和患者EICA变异的发生率分别为70.28%和73.58%。扭曲是最常见的变异。女性、高龄和高血压是导致 EICA 变异的重要风险因素。

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来源期刊

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Medicine-Pathology and Forensic Medicine

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

14.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Anatomy is a morphological science which cannot fail to interest the clinician. The practical application of anatomical research to clinical problems necessitates special adaptation and selectivity in choosing from numerous international works. Although there is a tendency to believe that meaningful advances in anatomy are unlikely, constant revision is necessary. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, the first international journal of Clinical anatomy has been created in this spirit. Its goal is to serve clinicians, regardless of speciality-physicians, surgeons, radiologists or other specialists-as an indispensable aid with which they can improve their knowledge of anatomy. Each issue includes: Original papers, review articles, articles on the anatomical bases of medical, surgical and radiological techniques, articles of normal radiologic anatomy, brief reviews of anatomical publications of clinical interest. Particular attention is given to high quality illustrations, which are indispensable for a better understanding of anatomical problems. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy is a journal written by anatomists for clinicians with a special interest in anatomy.