Racial discrimination and healthcare system trust among American adults with and without cancer

Abstract

Background Racial and ethnic minoritized groups report disproportionately lower trust in the healthcare system. Lower healthcare system trust is potentially related to increased exposure to racial discrimination in medical settings, but this association is not fully understood. We examined the association between racial discrimination in medical care and trust in the healthcare system among people with and without a personal cancer history. Methods We examined racial discrimination and trust in a nationally representative American adult sample from the Health Information National Trends Survey 6. Racial discrimination was defined as any unfair treatment in healthcare based on race or ethnicity. Trust in the healthcare system (eg, hospitals and pharmacies) was grouped into low, moderate, and high trust. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to compare low and moderate trust relative to high trust in the healthcare system and estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 5,813 respondents (15% with a personal cancer history) were included 92% (n = 5,355) reported no prior racial discrimination experience during medical treatment. Prior experiences of racial discrimination were positively associated with low (OR = 6.12, 95% CI: 4.22-8.86) and moderate (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.96-3.72) trust in the healthcare system, relative to high trust. Similar associations were observed when stratifying by personal cancer history. Conclusion Respondents who reported racial discrimination during medical encounters had lower trust in the healthcare system, especially respondents with a personal cancer history. Our findings highlight the need to address racial discrimination experiences during medical care to build patient trust and promote healthcare access.