Normative data for executive function tests in an Ecuadorian Waranka minority population.

IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Clinical Neuropsychologist Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI:10.1080/13854046.2024.2367748
María José Fierro Bósquez, Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa, Bryan R Christ, David Arjol, Paul B Perrin, Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla, Diego Rivera
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Abstract

Objective: To generate normative data (ND) for executive functions tests in the Waranka minority population of Ecuador. Method: Four-hundred participants aged 6-17 completed the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Modified-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Test of Colors-Words (STROOP). Scores were normed using multiple linear regressions, including age, age2, natural logarithm of mean parent education (MPE), sex, bilingualism, and two-way interactions as predictors. Results: Age by MPE and Age2 by MPE interactions arose for SDMT, so that children with illiterate parents scored lower than those with literate parents. Girls scored higher in SDMT. All TMT and M-WCST scores were influenced by age2. Age by MPE interaction was found for TMT-A, so that children with higher MPE went faster; and age by bilingualism interaction for TMT-B, so that more bilingual children needed less time. Stroop-Word and Color were influenced by age2 by MPE interaction, so that children, while older, scored higher, especially those with higher MPE. Also, age2 by sex interaction arose, so that girls increased scores curvilinearly while boys linearly. Word-Color was influenced by age, while Stroop-interference by age2. Age by MPE interaction was found for MCST-Categories and Perseveration, so that perseverations decreased to then increased, especially in those with illiterate parents. M-WCST-Category scores increased to then decrease later on age in children with illiterate parents. Z-scores calculated through indigenous ND were significantly lower than generated through non-indigenous norms. Conclusions: ND for minority populations are critical since Waranka sample performed worse when using non-indigenous norms for z-score calculation.

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厄瓜多尔瓦兰卡少数民族人口执行功能测试的标准数据。
目的为厄瓜多尔瓦兰卡少数民族人群的执行功能测试生成标准数据(ND)。方法:四百名 6-17 岁的参与者完成符号-数字模态测试(SDMT):四百名 6-17 岁的参与者完成了符号-数字模态测验(SDMT)、寻迹测验(TMT)、改良-威斯康星卡片分类测验(M-WCST)和颜色-单词测验(STROOP)。采用多元线性回归法(包括年龄、年龄2、父母平均受教育程度(MPE)的自然对数、性别、双语能力和双向交互作用作为预测因子)对得分进行标准化。结果如下年龄与父母平均教育程度(MPE)和年龄2与父母平均教育程度(MPE)的交互作用出现在 SDMT 中,因此父母不识字的儿童的得分低于父母识字的儿童。女孩在 SDMT 中得分更高。所有 TMT 和 M-WCST 分数均受年龄 2 的影响。在 TMT-A 中,年龄与 MPE 相互影响,因此 MPE 越高的儿童得分越快;在 TMT-B 中,年龄与双语能力相互影响,因此双语能力越强的儿童所需的时间越短。Stroop-Word 和颜色受年龄 2 与 MPE 交互作用的影响,因此年龄越大的儿童得分越高,尤其是 MPE 越高的儿童。此外,年龄 2 与性别之间也存在交互作用,因此女孩的得分呈曲线上升,而男孩则呈直线上升。单词颜色受年龄影响,而 Stroop 干扰受年龄 2 影响。在 MCST 类别和毅力方面,发现了年龄与 MPE 的交互作用,因此毅力从下降到上升,特别是在父母是文盲的情况下。在父母都是文盲的儿童中,MC-WCST-类别得分随着年龄的增长先升高后降低。通过本土 ND 计算出的 Z 值明显低于通过非本土标准计算出的 Z 值。结论:少数民族的 ND 非常重要,因为 Waranka 样本在使用非土著标准计算 Z 分数时表现较差。
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来源期刊
Clinical Neuropsychologist
Clinical Neuropsychologist 医学-临床神经学
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
12.80%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Clinical Neuropsychologist (TCN) serves as the premier forum for (1) state-of-the-art clinically-relevant scientific research, (2) in-depth professional discussions of matters germane to evidence-based practice, and (3) clinical case studies in neuropsychology. Of particular interest are papers that can make definitive statements about a given topic (thereby having implications for the standards of clinical practice) and those with the potential to expand today’s clinical frontiers. Research on all age groups, and on both clinical and normal populations, is considered.
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