Biological control of damping-off by Fusarium oxysporum and F. verticillioides on pine and oak seedlings using edible ectomycorrhizal fungi

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pedobiologia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.pedobi.2024.150973
Jorge Poveda, Jorge Martín-García, Paula Zamora-Brauweiler, Mónica Pastor, Julio J. Díez
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Abstract

The Mediterranean forest has an important ecological and economic role, being holm oak (Quercus ilex), Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica), umbrella pine (Pinus pinea) and Scot pine (Pinus sylvestris) some of its main tree species. The fungal damping-off disease caused by Fusarium seriously threatens the establishment of these forest species in nurseries and reforestation, requiring the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to control the disease. We have used different species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) as potential biological control agents (BCAs) effective against the disease: Lactarius sanguifluus, Tricholoma portentosum, Suillus luteus and Agaricus silvicola from Pinus-species, and Leccinum lepidum, Amanita rubescens and Xerocomus ferrugineus from Quercus-species. A direct in vitro confrontation was performed and conidial germination of Fusarium in contact with cell-free filtrates produced by EMF was studied. Le. lepidum was the most effective Quercus-fungus in vitro against F. oxysporum, reducing its growth up to 32 % and its conidial germination up to 87 %. S. luteus was the most effective Pinus-fungus in vitro against F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides, reducing in direct confrontation, reducing its growth up to 30 %. However, La. sanguifluus was the Pinus-fungus that inhibited conidial germination of both pathogens, up to 55 %. In planta trials were carried out with seeds of the four forest species growing on substrate colonized by Le. lepidum (in Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica seeds, infected by F. oxysporum) or by La. sanguifluus (P. pinea and P. sylvestris seeds, infected by F. oxysporum or F. verticillioides). Only La. sanguifluus was effective in reducing disease caused by F. oxysporum (strain Fo4) on P. sylvestris seeds. Therefore, EMF may be a potential tool in the control of damping-off in forest species, requiring further research.

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利用可食用的外生菌根真菌对松树和栎树幼苗上的恶孢镰刀菌和疣孢镰刀菌引起的枯萎病进行生物防治
地中海森林具有重要的生态和经济作用,主要树种有霍尔姆栎(Quercus ilex)、比利牛斯栎(Quercus pyrenaica)、伞松(Pinus pinea)和苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris)。由镰刀菌引起的真菌性潮湿病严重威胁着这些森林树种在苗圃和重新造林中的生长,因此需要寻找对环境友好的替代品来控制这种病害。我们利用不同种类的外生菌根真菌(EMF)作为潜在的生物防治剂(BCA),可有效防治该疾病:它们分别是松科的 Lactarius sanguifluus、Tricholoma portentosum、Suillus luteus 和 Agaricus silvicola,以及柞科的 Leccinum lepidum、Amanita rubescens 和 Xerocomus ferrugineus。进行了直接体外对抗,并研究了镰刀菌与电磁场产生的无细胞滤液接触后的分生孢子萌发情况。Le.lepidum是体外对抗F. oxysporum最有效的柞木真菌,可减少其生长达32%,分生孢子萌发达87%。S. luteus 是体外抗氧化孢霉和疣孢霉最有效的松属真菌,在直接对抗中可减少其生长量达 30%。然而,La. sanguifluus 是抑制这两种病原体分生孢子发芽的松属真菌,抑制率高达 55%。对生长在被 Le. lepidum 定殖的基质上的四种森林树种的种子进行了植物试验(在被 F. oxysporum 感染的 Q. ilex 和 Q. pyrenaica 种子中),或被 La. sanguifluus 定殖的基质上的四种森林树种的种子进行了植物试验(在被 F. oxysporum 或 F. verticillioides 感染的 P. pinea 和 P. sylvestris 种子中)。只有 La. sanguifluus 能有效减少由 F. oxysporum(菌株 Fo4)引起的西洋杉种子病害。因此,电磁场可能是一种潜在的工具,可用于控制森林物种的枯萎病,需要进一步研究。
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来源期刊
Pedobiologia
Pedobiologia 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
8.70%
发文量
38
审稿时长
64 days
期刊介绍: Pedobiologia publishes peer reviewed articles describing original work in the field of soil ecology, which includes the study of soil organisms and their interactions with factors in their biotic and abiotic environments. Analysis of biological structures, interactions, functions, and processes in soil is fundamental for understanding the dynamical nature of terrestrial ecosystems, a prerequisite for appropriate soil management. The scope of this journal consists of fundamental and applied aspects of soil ecology; key focal points include interactions among organisms in soil, organismal controls on soil processes, causes and consequences of soil biodiversity, and aboveground-belowground interactions. We publish: original research that tests clearly defined hypotheses addressing topics of current interest in soil ecology (including studies demonstrating nonsignificant effects); descriptions of novel methodological approaches, or evaluations of current approaches, that address a clear need in soil ecology research; innovative syntheses of the soil ecology literature, including metaanalyses, topical in depth reviews and short opinion/perspective pieces, and descriptions of original conceptual frameworks; and short notes reporting novel observations of ecological significance.
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