Knowledge and discriminatory attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the women of reproductive age group of Pakistan using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)

Remsha Hussain, Russell Kabir
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Abstract

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has become a major worldwide public health issue, with a focus on developing nations. Despite having a very low HIV prevalence, South Asia faces serious issues with stigma and false information because of a lack of awareness. This stigma highlights significant gaps in popular awareness while also sustaining unfavorable attitudes towards those living with HIV/AIDS. Pakistan is ranked second in South Asia for the rapidly increasing AIDS epidemic. Thorough information and optimistic outlooks are essential for successful HIV/AIDS prevention, control, and treatment. But false beliefs about how HIV/AIDS spreads lead to negative perceptions, which highlights the need to look into how women’s knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS in Pakistan are influenced by sociodemographic traits and autonomy.

Methods

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Pakistani women’s discriminatory attitudes and level of awareness on HIV/AIDS. This study used data (the women in reproductive age 15‒49 years’ dataset) from the Pakistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to conduct an analytical cross-sectional analysis. To represent the respondents’ attitudes and knowledge towards people living with HIV (PLHIV), two composite variables were developed and composite scored. Binary logistics regression was used to identify predictor variables and chi-square was used for bivariate analysis.

Results

The findings reveal that almost 90% of Pakistani women have poor knowledge and attitude with HIV/AIDS. In Punjab, 72.8% of rural residents have low knowledge, whereas only 20.6% of young individuals (15–< 25 years old) show the least amount of ignorance. Education is shown to be crucial, and “Higher” education is associated with superior knowledge. Urban dwellers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa typically have more expertise. Knowledge of HIV is positively correlated with education; those with higher education levels know a lot more (odds ratio [OR] = 5.419). Similarly, quintiles with greater incomes show a higher likelihood of knowing about HIV (OR = 6.745). The study identifies age, wealth index, place of residence, educational attainment, and exposure to contemporary media as significant predictors influencing HIV knowledge and attitudes among women in these provinces.

Conclusion

The majority of respondents had negative opinions regarding the virus, and the majority of women in the study knew very little about HIV. Individuals who live in metropolitan areas, have higher incomes, are better educated, are exposed to contemporary media, and are generally more aware of HIV and have more positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, or PLHIV. The study found that, in comparison to those living in urban environments, those from rural areas with low socioeconomic level have a negative attitude and inadequate understanding.

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利用多指标类集调查(MICS)了解巴基斯坦育龄妇女对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识和歧视态度
背景人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症(HIV/AIDS)已成为世界性的重大公共卫生问题,重点是发展中国家。尽管南亚的艾滋病毒感染率很低,但由于缺乏认识,南亚面临着严重的污名化和虚假信息问题。这种污名化凸显了大众认识上的巨大差距,同时也使人们对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者持不利态度。在艾滋病疫情迅速蔓延的南亚地区,巴基斯坦排名第二。全面的信息和乐观的前景对于成功预防、控制和治疗艾滋病毒/艾滋病至关重要。但是,对艾滋病传播方式的错误认识会导致负面看法,这就突出了研究巴基斯坦妇女对艾滋病的认识和态度如何受社会人口特征和自主性影响的必要性。本研究使用巴基斯坦多指标类集调查的数据(15-49 岁育龄妇女数据集)进行分析性横截面分析。为了反映受访者对艾滋病病毒感染者(PLHIV)的态度和知识,研究人员开发了两个综合变量并进行了综合评分。结果表明,近 90% 的巴基斯坦妇女对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识和态度不佳。在旁遮普省,72.8%的农村居民对艾滋病毒/艾滋病知之甚少,而只有 20.6%的年轻人(15-25 岁)表现出最少的无知。教育被证明是至关重要的,"高 "教育与高知识相关。开伯尔巴图克瓦省的城市居民通常拥有更多的专业知识。对艾滋病毒的了解与教育程度呈正相关;教育程度越高的人了解得越多(几率比 [OR] = 5.419)。同样,收入越高的五分之一人口了解艾滋病毒的可能性越大(赔率比 = 6.745)。研究发现,年龄、财富指数、居住地、受教育程度和接触当代媒体是影响这些省份妇女对艾滋病病毒的了解和态度的重要预测因素。生活在大都市地区、收入较高、受教育程度较高、接触现代媒体的人通常对艾滋病病毒有更多的了解,对艾滋病毒/艾滋病或艾滋病毒携带者(PLHIV)有更积极的态度。研究发现,与生活在城市环境中的人相比,来自社会经济水平较低的农村地区的人对艾滋病持消极态度,认识不足。
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来源期刊
Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Global health journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Public Health and Health Policy
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