Evolution of Life Cycles of Nematodes Parasitizing Woody Plants As a Result of Ecological and Phylogenetic Co-Adaptations with Hosts and Vectors

IF 0.8 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1134/S1607672924701047
A. Yu. Ryss
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Abstract

Fundamental aspects in the evolution of nematodes parasitizing woody plants are reviewed. (1) Nematode faunal lists of natural refugia are useful to predict the risks of opportunistic pathogens becoming true pathogens in the forest and park communities. (2) Nematode composition in natural refugia gives a chance to identify nematode antagonists of insect vectors of dangerous fungal and nematode infections, which can be potentially used as the biological agents for woody plants’ protection. (3) Dauers in the ancestors of wood-inhabiting nematodes played a role as a survival stage in the detritus decomposition succession, and they later acquired the functions of dispersal and adaptations for transmission using insect vectors. (4) When inspecting wilted trees, it is necessary to use dauers for diagnostics, as sexually mature nematodes may be absent in tree tissues. (5) Plant parasitic nematodes originated from members of the detritus food web and retained a detritivorous phase in the life cycle as a part of the propagative generation. (6) Vectors in the life cycles of plant parasitic nematodes are inherited from the ancestral detritivorous nematode associations, rather than inserted in the dixenic life cycle of the ‘nematode–fungus–plant’ association. (7) Despite the significant difference in the duration of the nematode–tree and nematode–vector phases of the life cycle, the actual parasitic nematode specificity is dual: firstly to the vector and secondly to the natural host plant (as demonstrated in phytotests excluding a vector).

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寄生于木本植物的线虫生命周期的进化是与寄主和媒介物的生态和系统发育共同适应的结果。
综述了寄生木本植物的线虫进化的基本方面。(1) 天然避难所的线虫动物清单有助于预测机会性病原体成为森林和公园群落中真正病原体的风险。(2) 天然庇护所中的线虫组成为确定危险真菌和线虫感染的昆虫载体的线虫拮抗剂提供了机会,这些拮抗剂可用作木本植物保护的生物制剂。(3)栖息于木本植物的线虫祖先中的 "道尔"(Dauer)在残渣分解演替中扮演着生存阶段的角色,后来获得了传播功能和利用昆虫媒介传播的适应性。(4) 在检查枯萎的树木时,有必要使用道尔进行诊断,因为树木组织中可能没有性成熟的线虫。(5) 植物寄生线虫起源于碎屑食物网的成员,在生命周期中保留了碎屑阶段,作为繁殖世代的一部分。(6) 植物寄生线虫生命周期中的媒介物是从祖先的食腐线虫协会继承而来,而不是插入 "线虫-真菌-植物 "协会的二生生命周期中。(7) 尽管线虫-树木和线虫-载体的生命周期在持续时间上存在显著差异,但实际的寄生线虫特异性是双重的:首先是对载体的特异性,其次是对天然寄主植物的特异性(这一点已在不包括载体的植物试验中得到证明)。
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来源期刊
Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics
Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics is a journal consisting of English translations of articles published in Russian in biochemistry and biophysics sections of the Russian-language journal Doklady Akademii Nauk. The journal''s goal is to publish the most significant new research in biochemistry and biophysics carried out in Russia today or in collaboration with Russian authors. The journal accepts only articles in the Russian language that are submitted or recommended by acting Russian or foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The journal does not accept direct submissions in English.
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