A strike to the head: Parallels between the pediatric and adult human and the rodent in traumatic brain injury

IF 2.9 3区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Journal of Neuroscience Research Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI:10.1002/jnr.25364
Allie M. Smith, Bernadette E. Grayson
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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition that occurs commonly in children from infancy through adolescence and is a global health concern. Pediatric TBI presents with a bimodal age distribution, with very young children (0–4 years) and adolescents (15–19 years) more commonly injured. Because children's brains are still developing, there is increased vulnerability to the effects of head trauma, which results in entirely different patterns of injury than in adults. Pediatric TBI has a profound and lasting impact on a child's development and quality of life, resulting in long-lasting consequences to physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Chronic issues like learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and emotional disturbances can develop. Early intervention and ongoing support are critical for minimizing these long-term deficits. Many animal models of TBI exist, and each varies significantly, displaying different characteristics of clinical TBI. The neurodevelopment differs in the rodent from the human in timing and effect, so TBI outcomes in the juvenile rodent can thus vary from the human child. The current review compares findings from preclinical TBI work in juvenile and adult rodents to clinical TBI research in pediatric and adult humans. We focus on the four brain regions most affected by TBI: the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Each has its unique developmental projections and thus is impacted by TBI differently. This review aims to compare the healthy neurodevelopment of these four brain regions in humans to the developmental processes in rodents.

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头部受到撞击小儿、成人和啮齿动物在脑外伤中的相似之处。
创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是一种常见于婴儿期至青春期儿童的疾病,是全球关注的健康问题。小儿创伤性脑损伤呈双峰年龄分布,幼儿(0-4 岁)和青少年(15-19 岁)更容易受伤。由于儿童的大脑仍处于发育阶段,因此更容易受到头部创伤的影响,从而导致与成人完全不同的损伤模式。小儿创伤性脑损伤对儿童的发育和生活质量有着深远而持久的影响,会对儿童的身体、认知和情感发育造成长期后果。可能会出现学习障碍、行为问题和情绪障碍等慢性问题。早期干预和持续支持对于尽量减少这些长期缺陷至关重要。有许多创伤性脑损伤的动物模型,每种动物模型都有很大差异,显示出临床创伤性脑损伤的不同特征。啮齿类动物的神经发育在时间和效果上与人类不同,因此幼年啮齿类动物的创伤性脑损伤结果也可能与人类儿童不同。本综述将幼年和成年啮齿动物的临床前创伤性脑损伤研究结果与儿童和成人的临床创伤性脑损伤研究结果进行了比较。我们重点关注受创伤性脑损伤影响最大的四个脑区:前额叶皮层、胼胝体、海马和下丘脑。每个区域都有其独特的发育投射,因此受创伤性脑损伤的影响也不尽相同。本综述旨在将人类这四个脑区的健康神经发育过程与啮齿类动物的发育过程进行比较。
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来源期刊
Journal of Neuroscience Research
Journal of Neuroscience Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
2.40%
发文量
145
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Neuroscience Research (JNR) publishes novel research results that will advance our understanding of the development, function and pathophysiology of the nervous system, using molecular, cellular, systems, and translational approaches. JNR covers both basic research and clinical aspects of neurology, neuropathology, psychiatry or psychology. The journal focuses on uncovering the intricacies of brain structure and function. Research published in JNR covers all species from invertebrates to humans, and the reports inform the readers about the function and organization of the nervous system, with emphasis on how disease modifies the function and organization.
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