Learning from disability studies to introduce the role of the individual to naturalistic accounts of disease.

IF 2.3 2区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI:10.1007/s11019-024-10216-9
Ozan Altan Altinok
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Abstract

Disability studies have been successfully focusing on individuals' lived experiences, the personalization of goals, and the constitution of the individual in defining disease and restructuring public understandings of disability. Although they had a strong influence in the policy making and medical modeling of disease, their framework has not been translated to traditional naturalistic accounts of disease. I will argue that, using new developments in evolutionary biology (Extended Evolutionary Synthesis [EES] about questions of proper function) and behavioral ecology (Niche conformance and construction about the questions of reference classes in biostatistics accounts), the main elements of the framework of disability studies can be used to represent life histories at the conceptual level of the two main "non-normative" accounts of disease. I chose these accounts since they are related to medicine in a more descriptive way. The success of the practical aspects of disability studies this way will be communicated without causing injustice to the individual since they will represent the individuality of the patient in two main naturalistic accounts of disease: the biostatistical account and the evolutionary functional account. Although most accounts criticizing the concept of disease as value-laden do not supply a positive element, disability studies can supply a good point for descriptive extension of the concept through inclusion of epistemic agency.

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向残疾研究学习,在疾病的自然描述中引入个人的作用。
残疾研究在定义疾病和重构公众对残疾的理解方面,成功地关注了个人的生活经历、目标的个性化和个人的构成。尽管这些研究对疾病的政策制定和医学模型有很大的影响,但其框架并没有转化为对疾病的传统自然主义描述。我将论证,利用进化生物学(关于适当功能问题的扩展进化综合[EES])和行为生态学(关于生物统计学描述中参考类问题的龛位一致性和构建)的新发展,残疾研究框架的主要元素可用于在两个主要的疾病 "非规范 "描述的概念层面上表现生命史。我之所以选择这两种说法,是因为它们以一种更具描述性的方式与医学相关。通过这种方式,残疾研究在实践方面取得的成功将得到传播,而不会对个人造成不公,因为它们将在两种主要的自然主义疾病论述中代表病人的个性:生物统计论述和进化功能论述。尽管大多数批评疾病概念带有价值色彩的论述都没有提供积极的因素,但残疾研究可以通过纳入认识论机构,为描述性扩展疾病概念提供一个良好的切入点。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.80%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy: A European Journal is the official journal of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care. It provides a forum for international exchange of research data, theories, reports and opinions in bioethics and philosophy of medicine. The journal promotes interdisciplinary studies, and stimulates philosophical analysis centered on a common object of reflection: health care, the human effort to deal with disease, illness, death as well as health, well-being and life. Particular attention is paid to developing contributions from all European countries, and to making accessible scientific work and reports on the practice of health care ethics, from all nations, cultures and language areas in Europe.
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