Greenhouse gas emissions of school lunches provided for children attending school nurseries: A cross-sectional study

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI:10.1111/jhn.13345

Claire J. Wall, Jo Pearce

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Abstract

Background

Schools and early years settings provide an opportunity to promote healthy and sustainable food, but standards and guidance in England focus predominantly on nutritional quality. The present study estimated greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of school lunches provided for children attending school nurseries, including comparison between meal options.

Methods

Menus, recipes and portion weights for lunches provided for 3–4-year-old children attending nine school nurseries were collected daily for one week. GHGE for each food and recipe were calculated using Foodprint functionality of Nutritics software. GHGE were calculated for each menu option (main, vegetarian, jacket potato and sandwich) provided in each school, and for meals with and without meat/fish.

Results

In total, 161 lunches including 273 foods were analysed. Median GHGE across all meals was 0.53 kgCO₂e (i.e. kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent) per portion, with significantly higher GHGE associated with main meals (0.71 kgCO₂e per portion) compared to all other meal types (0.43–0.50 kgCO₂e per portion; p < 0.001) which remained after adjustment for meal size and energy density. Red meat-based meals were highest in GHGE (median 0.98 kgCO₂e per portion and 0.34 kgCO₂e per 100 g) and meals containing any meat/fish were significantly higher in GHGE (median 0.58 kgCO₂e per portion) than vegetarian meals (median 0.49 kgCO₂e per portion) (p = 0.014). Meals with higher adherence to the nutrient framework underpinning the early years guidelines had significantly higher GHGE than meals with lower adherence (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results were comparable to previous estimates of school lunch GHGE and highlight variation by meal option. Consideration of GHGE alongside the nutritional quality of lunches by caterers could support provision of healthy and sustainable lunches.

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为幼儿园儿童提供的学校午餐的温室气体排放：一项横断面研究。

背景：学校和幼儿教育机构提供了推广健康和可持续食品的机会，但英格兰的标准和指南主要侧重于营养质量。本研究估算了学校为托儿所儿童提供的午餐的温室气体排放量（GHGE），包括不同膳食方案之间的比较：方法：每天收集九所托儿所为 3-4 岁儿童提供的午餐的菜单、食谱和份量，为期一周。使用 Nutritics 软件的 Foodprint 功能计算每种食物和食谱的 GHGE。对每所学校提供的每种菜单选项（主食、素食、夹心土豆和三明治）以及有肉/鱼和无肉/鱼的膳食进行了温室气体基因组学计算：共分析了包括 273 种食物在内的 161 份午餐。所有膳食的 GHGE 中位数为每份 0.53 kgCO2e（即千克二氧化碳当量），与所有其他膳食类型（每份 0.43-0.50 kgCO2e）相比，主食的 GHGE 明显更高（每份 0.71 kgCO2e）。50 kgCO2e；每份 p 2e 和每 100 克 0.34 kgCO2e），含有任何肉类/鱼类的膳食的 GHGE（中位数为每份 0.58 kgCO2e）明显高于素食（中位数为每份 0.49 kgCO2e）（p = 0.014）。较严格遵守幼儿指南营养框架的膳食，其 GHGE 明显高于较不严格遵守的膳食（p 结论：膳食中的 GHGE（中位数为每份 0.58 kgCO2e）高于素食膳食（中位数为每份 0.49 kgCO2e）：研究结果与之前对学校午餐 GHGE 的估计值相当，并突出了不同膳食方案之间的差异。膳食供应商在考虑午餐营养质量的同时，考虑 GHGE，有助于提供健康和可持续的午餐。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.