A nanoelectrode of hybrid nanomaterials of palladium oxide with cadmium sulfide based on 2D-carbon nanosheets for developing electron transfer efficiency for supercapacitor applications

Abstract

A layered nanoelectrode design was based on the high surface area of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide; these layers were decorated with n/p-type palladium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and cadmium sulfide NPs. The building of electron transfer through n/p-type eases the movement of electrons and increases electron clouds for the supercapacitor efficiency of fabricated nanoelectrodes, and their electrochemical characteristics were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. Applications as supercapacitors and other energy storage devices were supported by the construction, development, and surface modification of electron transport that was measured by EIS. The values of capacitance detected for GO@PdO@rGO (16.4 μF cm⁻²) and GO@PdO@rGO.CdS (21 μF cm⁻²) refer to the improvement in the electron transfer by the unique electrode. At 100 cycles, the capacitance retention of the nanoelectrodes was measured via a cyclovoltammetry device to reveal the high stability of GO@PdO@rGO (96%) and GO@PdO@rGO.CdS (97%) compared to the other electrode. The electroactive mass was determined to be 0.3396 mF cm⁻² for GO@PdO@rGO and 0.426 mF cm⁻² for GO@PdO@rGO.CdS; the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) was calculated to be 1007.8 for GO@PdO@rGO and 3058.5 for GO@PdO@rGO.CdS. The study suggests that these novel fabricated nanoelectrodes provide high efficiency for supercapacitors, batteries, water desalination, and energy storage, so they are promising candidate nanoelectrodes for energy applications.