Exploring the diversity of galls on Artemisia indica induced by Rhopalomyia species through morphological and transcriptome analyses.

IF 2.3 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Plant Direct Pub Date : 2024-07-02 eCollection Date: 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1002/pld3.619

Seiji Takeda, Makiko Yoza, Sawako Ueda, Sakura Takeuchi, Akiteru Maeno, Tomoaki Sakamoto, Seisuke Kimura

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Abstract

Plant galls generated by insects have highly organized structures, providing nutrients and shelter to the insects living within them. Most research on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of gall development has focused on single galls. To understand the diversity of gall development, we examined five galls with different morphologies generated by distinct species of Rhopalomyia (gall midge; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on a single host plant of Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii (Asteraceae). Vasculature developed de novo within the galls, indicating active transport of nutrients between galls and the host plant. Each gall had a different pattern of vasculature and lignification, probably due to differences in the site of gall generation and the gall midge species. Transcriptome analysis indicated that photosynthetic and cell wall-related genes were down-regulated in leaf and stem galls, respectively, compared with control leaf and stem tissues, whereas genes involved in floral organ development were up-regulated in all types of galls, indicating that transformation from source to sink organs occurs during gall development. Our results help to understand the diversity of galls on a single herbaceous host plant.

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通过形态学和转录组分析探索 Rhopalomyia 物种诱发的茵陈蒿虫瘿的多样性。

昆虫产生的植物虫瘿具有高度组织化的结构，为生活在其中的昆虫提供营养和庇护。有关虫瘿发育的生理和分子机制的研究大多集中在单个虫瘿上。为了了解虫瘿发育的多样性，我们研究了由不同种类的瘿蚊（Rhopalomyia；双翅目：Cecidomyiidae）在一株菊科植物蒿（Artemisia indica var.maximowiczii）上产生的五个形态各异的虫瘿。虫瘿内重新形成了血管，这表明虫瘿与寄主植物之间的养分运输非常活跃。每个虫瘿都有不同的脉管和木质化模式，这可能是由于虫瘿的生成部位和瘿蚊种类不同造成的。转录组分析表明，与对照叶片和茎组织相比，叶瘿和茎瘿中与光合作用和细胞壁相关的基因分别下调，而在所有类型的瘿中，与花器官发育相关的基因均上调，这表明在瘿发育过程中发生了从源器官向汇器官的转化。我们的研究结果有助于了解单一草本寄主植物上虫瘿的多样性。

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来源期刊

Plant Direct Environmental Science-Ecology

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

3.30%

发文量

101

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Plant Direct is a monthly, sound science journal for the plant sciences that gives prompt and equal consideration to papers reporting work dealing with a variety of subjects. Topics include but are not limited to genetics, biochemistry, development, cell biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, genomics, phenomics, bioinformatics, physiology, molecular biology, and evolution. A collaborative journal launched by the American Society of Plant Biologists, the Society for Experimental Biology and Wiley, Plant Direct publishes papers submitted directly to the journal as well as those referred from a select group of the societies’ journals.