The electrochemical detection of glyphosate in aqueous environments using modified carbon nitride/ZIF67 nanocomposites

Abstract

A novel type of nanocomposite-modified electrodes, synthesized from ZIF67 and mesoporous carbon nitride (CN) featuring a carbonyl heterocyclic ring, were meticulously fabricated via an alkali-mediated method. This innovative approach led to the construction of high-performance electrochemical sensors. Utilizing differential pulse voltammetry, these sensors demonstrated significant potential for the precise detection of glyphosate in various aqueous environments. The detection mechanism of this sensor operates through the complexation reaction between Co²⁺ and glyphosate, resulting in a decrease in the response current. The fabricated material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to verify its morphology and structure. The results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.04 pg/L and a linear range from 10⁻¹²–10⁻⁵ g/L, showcasing good selectivity for glyphosate. In tests evaluating the sensor's effectiveness for detecting glyphosate in real water samples, recovery rates ranged from 97 %–106 %, further attesting to its high accuracy and practicality.