Endemism or synonymy in genus Belone (Belonidae)? An integrative analysis on North-Eastern Mediterranean populations

Abstract

Garfish Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) are distributed over a wide area covering all the East Atlantic coasts including the North and Baltic Seas and the entire Mediterranean basin. Researchers have presented different opinions regarding the presence of subspecies and endemic species of garfish due to certain morphological variations found in Mediterranean populations up to the current day. The purpose of this study is to clarify the taxonomic status of Belone euxini Günther, 1866, described as the Black Sea endemic by Günther (1866) and Belone acus Risso, 1827, described as the Mediterranean gar fish population by Risso (1827) with an integrative perspective. B. belone specimens were sampled from 12 localities in the North-Eastern Mediterranean. The congeneric Belone svetovidovi Collette & Parin, 1970, specimens were sampled at different locations in the Eastern Aegean Sea and included molecular analyses in order to determine the interspecific distance between Belone species. Detailed morphological description and genetics are provided for B. belone populations. Based on the results, it can be supported that the differences observed between B. belone populations are within the limits of intraspecific variation thus indicating that there are no distinct populations at the species level in the Mediterranean basin.