Gatekeeping at work: a multi-dimensional analysis of student, institutional, and employer characteristics associated with unpaid internships

IF 3.6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Higher Education Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1007/s10734-024-01254-6
Kyoungjin Jang-Tucci, Matthew T. Hora, Jiahong Zhang
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Abstract

Internships are recognized globally as a high-impact practice that substantially enhances students’ future prospects. However, concerns persist about their legality and potentially exclusionary nature. While prior research indicates participation varies based on key variables, such as gender and major, empirical work remains limited and tends to focus on univariate or single-actor explanations. We employ multi-actor models from management studies to analyze survey data (n = 1153) from 13 U.S. institutions, nine of which are minority-serving institutions (MSI). The data reveal that only 30.3% of the students participated in internships, of which 43.4% were unpaid. Linear probability analysis results indicate that contrary to expectations, individual demographic characteristics, such as gender, were not significant predictors of internship compensation on their own. Instead, academic, institutional, and employer characteristics emerged as significant predictors. Interaction analysis results highlight the combined effects of race, gender, major, MSI status, and employer characteristics in predicting participation in unpaid internships. Further, the data suggest that gender effects are largely influenced by academic major affiliation, emphasizing that unpaid internships do not uniformly affect all students but are predominant in specific sub-groups. We conclude by proposing a strategy to eliminate unpaid internships in the interest of transformative social justice work.

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工作中的把关:与无薪实习相关的学生、机构和雇主特征的多维分析
实习是全球公认的具有重大影响的实践活动,能极大地改善学生的未来前景。然而,人们对实习的合法性和潜在的排斥性一直存在担忧。虽然先前的研究表明,参与情况因性别和专业等关键变量而异,但实证工作仍然有限,而且往往侧重于单变量或单因素解释。我们采用管理研究中的多因素模型,分析了来自 13 所美国院校的调查数据(n = 1153),其中 9 所院校为少数民族服务院校(MSI)。数据显示,只有 30.3% 的学生参加了实习,其中 43.4% 是无薪实习。线性概率分析结果表明,与预期相反,性别等个人人口统计特征本身并不能显著预测实习报酬。相反,学术、机构和雇主特征成为重要的预测因素。交互分析结果凸显了种族、性别、专业、MSI 状态和雇主特征在预测参与无薪实习方面的综合效应。此外,数据还表明,性别效应在很大程度上受学术专业归属的影响,这就强调了无薪实习并不均匀地影响所有学生,而是在特定的亚群体中占主导地位。最后,我们提出了一项消除无薪实习的策略,以促进社会正义的转变。
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来源期刊
Higher Education
Higher Education EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH-
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
12.00%
发文量
160
期刊介绍: Higher Education is recognised as the leading international journal of Higher Education studies, publishing twelve separate numbers each year. Since its establishment in 1972, Higher Education has followed educational developments throughout the world in universities, polytechnics, colleges, and vocational and education institutions. It has actively endeavoured to report on developments in both public and private Higher Education sectors. Contributions have come from leading scholars from different countries while articles have tackled the problems of teachers as well as students, and of planners as well as administrators. While each Higher Education system has its own distinctive features, common problems and issues are shared internationally by researchers, teachers and institutional leaders. Higher Education offers opportunities for exchange of research results, experience and insights, and provides a forum for ongoing discussion between experts. Higher Education publishes authoritative overview articles, comparative studies and analyses of particular problems or issues. All contributions are peer reviewed.
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