Uncovering the hidden diversity of fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in the Moroccan vineyards

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Tropical Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI:10.1007/s40858-024-00656-2
Jihane Kenfaoui, Said Amiri, Khadija Goura, Nabil Radouane, Mohammed Mennani, Zineb Belabess, Abdessalem Tahiri, Florence Fontaine, Essaid Ait Barka, Lahsen El Ghadraoui, Rachid Lahlali
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Abstract

For decades, the grapevine has been produced as a commercial fruit crop in Morocco. From 2004 to 2022, the area dedicated to cultivating and producing grapes has increased across the country. Despite the implementation of adequate agricultural practices, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) lead to significant yield losses and a remarkable reduction in viticultural quality. Many grape growers encounter this issue in their vines each year and seek strategies to cope with it. In the most significant grape-growing regions globally, including Morocco, grapevine decline is a common and significant disease that is brought on by a multitude of latent fungal plant diseases. Due to the use of poorly informative markers in phylogenetic analyses and the lack of relevant morphological characteristics, the classification of these pathogens has proven to be challenging. Numerous genera and families have not yet been extensively studied, especially in Morocco. To identify the dieback-causing agents, surveys were carried out in 152 Moroccan vineyards in Marrakech-Safi, Casablanca-Settat, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, and Fez- Meknes regions between 2019-2021. Samples of symptomatic trunks were collected and processed for mycological analysis. Afterward, fungal identification of representative isolates was performed combining morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and protein-coding gene (β-TUB). Pathogenicity tests were fulfilled under greenhouse conditions for 15 days. Among the fungi collected in the current study, 54 fungal isolates were obtained belonging to different genera and families namely: Botryosphaeria (11 species), Fusarium (10 species), Pestialiotiopsis (4 species), Clonostachys (3 species), Entoleuca mammata, Phaeoacremonium hungaricum, Trichothecium roseum, Diaporthe ampelina, Epicoccum nigrum, Alternaria alternata, and Rosellinia convexa. Pathogenicity test revealed that Diplodia mutila, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Neopestalotiopsis vitis, and Trichothecium roseum isolates are the most pathogenic. This is the first detailed report of species associated with GTDs in Morocco where new records of species worldwide are highlighted.

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揭示摩洛哥葡萄园中与葡萄树干疾病相关的真菌的隐藏多样性
几十年来,葡萄一直是摩洛哥的经济果实作物。从 2004 年到 2022 年,全国用于种植和生产葡萄的面积不断增加。尽管采取了适当的农业措施,但葡萄树干病害(GTDs)还是导致了巨大的产量损失和葡萄品质的显著下降。许多葡萄种植者每年都会遇到这个问题,并寻求应对策略。在包括摩洛哥在内的全球最重要的葡萄种植区,葡萄藤衰退是一种常见的重大病害,由多种潜伏的真菌性植物病害引起。由于在系统发育分析中使用的标记信息不全,而且缺乏相关的形态特征,对这些病原体进行分类已被证明是一项挑战。许多属和科尚未得到广泛研究,尤其是在摩洛哥。为了确定导致葡萄树倒伏的病原体,我们在 2019-2021 年期间对马拉喀什-萨菲、卡萨布兰卡-塞塔特、拉巴特-萨勒-凯尼特拉和非斯-梅克内斯地区的 152 个摩洛哥葡萄园进行了调查。采集有症状的树干样本并进行真菌学分析。随后,结合形态特征和基于核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔区(ITS)和蛋白编码基因(β-TUB)的系统发育分析,对代表性分离物进行真菌鉴定。致病性试验是在温室条件下进行的,为期 15 天。在本次研究收集的真菌中,有 54 个真菌分离物属于不同的属和科,即这些真菌分别是:Botryosphaeria(11 种)、Fusarium(10 种)、Pestialiotiopsis(4 种)、Clonostachys(3 种)、Entoleuca mammata、Phaeoacremonium hungaricum、Trichothecium roseum、Diaporthe ampelina、Epicoccum nigrum、Alternaria alternata 和 Rosellinia convexa。致病性测试表明,Diplodia mutila、Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae、Neopestalotiopsis vitis 和 Trichothecium roseum 分离物的致病性最强。这是摩洛哥首次详细报告与 GTD 相关的物种,其中重点介绍了全球新记录的物种。
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来源期刊
Tropical Plant Pathology
Tropical Plant Pathology PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tropical Plant Pathology is an international journal devoted to publishing a wide range of research on fundamental and applied aspects of plant diseases of concern to agricultural, forest and ornamental crops from tropical and subtropical environments.  Submissions must report original research that provides new insights into the etiology and epidemiology of plant disease as well as population biology of plant pathogens, host-pathogen interactions, physiological and molecular plant pathology, and strategies to promote crop protection. The journal considers for publication: original articles, short communications, reviews and letters to the editor. For more details please check the submission guidelines. Founded in 1976, the journal is the official publication of the Brazilian Phytopathology Society.
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