A Kannappan-sine subtraction law on semigroups

Abstract

Let S be a semigroup, \(z_0\) a fixed element in S and \(\sigma :S \longrightarrow S\) an involutive automorphism. We determine the complex-valued solutions of the Kannappan-sine subtraction law

$$\begin{aligned} f(x\sigma (y)z_0)=f(x)g(y)-f(y)g(x),\; x,y \in S. \end{aligned}$$

As an application we solve the following variant of the Kannappan-sine subtraction law viz.

$$\begin{aligned} f(x\sigma (y)z_0)=f(x)g(y)-f(y)g(x)+\lambda g(x\sigma (y)z_0),\;x,y \in S, \end{aligned}$$

where \(\lambda \in \mathbb {C}^{*}\). The continuous solutions on topological semigroups are given and an example to illustrate the main results is also given.