A new, high-resolution atmospheric dataset for southern New Zealand, 2005–2020

IF 3.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geoscience Data Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1002/gdj3.263
Elena Kropač, Thomas Mölg, Nicolas J. Cullen
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Abstract

The regional climate of New Zealand's South Island is shaped by the interaction of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies with the complex orography of the Southern Alps. Due to its isolated geographical setting in the south-west Pacific, the influence of the surrounding oceans on the atmospheric circulation is strong. Therefore, variations in sea surface temperature (SST) impact various spatial and temporal scales and are statistically detectable down to temperature anomalies and glacier mass changes in the high mountains of the Southern Alps. To enable future studies on the processes that govern the link between large-scale SST and local-scale high-mountain climate, we utilized dynamical downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to produce a regional atmospheric modelling dataset for the South Island of New Zealand over a 16-year period between 2005 and 2020. The 2 km horizontal resolution ensures realistic representation of high-mountain topography and glaciers, as well as explicit simulation of convection. The dataset is extensively evaluated against observations, including weather station and satellite data, on both regional (in the inner domain) and local (on Brewster Glacier in the Southern Alps) scales. Variability in both atmospheric water content and near-surface meteorological conditions is well captured, with minor seasonal and spatial biases. The local high-mountain climate at Brewster Glacier, where land use and topographic model settings have been optimized, yields remarkable accuracy on both monthly and daily time scales. The data provide a valuable resource to researchers from various disciplines studying the local and regional impacts of climate variability on society, economies and ecosystems in New Zealand. The model output from the highest resolution model domain is available for download in daily temporal resolution from a public repository at the German Climate Computation Center (DKRZ) in Hamburg, Germany (Kropač et al., 2023; 16-year WRF simulation for the Southern Alps of New Zealand, World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ [data set]. https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/NZ-PROXY_16yrWRF).

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2005-2020 年新西兰南部新的高分辨率大气数据集
南半球西风与南阿尔卑斯山复杂的地形相互作用,形成了新西兰南岛的区域气候。由于其孤立于西南太平洋的地理位置,周围海洋对大气环流的影响很大。因此,海面温度(SST)的变化会影响不同的空间和时间尺度,从统计上可以检测到南阿尔卑斯山高山的温度异常和冰川质量变化。为了在未来研究大尺度 SST 与局部尺度高山气候之间的联系过程,我们利用气象研究和预测模型(WRF)进行了动态降尺度处理,生成了新西兰南岛 2005 年至 2020 年 16 年间的区域大气模型数据集。2 千米的水平分辨率确保了高山地形和冰川的真实再现,以及对流的明确模拟。该数据集在区域(内域)和地方(南阿尔卑斯山的布鲁斯特冰川)尺度上与包括气象站和卫星数据在内的观测数据进行了广泛评估。大气含水量和近地表气象条件的可变性都得到了很好的捕捉,只有轻微的季节和空间偏差。布鲁斯特冰川当地的高山气候,其土地利用和地形模型设置已经过优化,在月和日时间尺度上都具有显著的准确性。这些数据为研究气候变异性对新西兰社会、经济和生态系统的地方和区域影响的各学科研究人员提供了宝贵的资源。位于德国汉堡的德国气候计算中心(DKRZ)的公共资料库提供了最高分辨率模式域的模式输出,可供下载日时间分辨率(Kropač等人,2023年;新西兰南阿尔卑斯山16年WRF模拟,DKRZ的世界气候数据中心(WDCC)[数据集]。https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/NZ-PROXY_16yrWRF)。
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来源期刊
Geoscience Data Journal
Geoscience Data Journal GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
9.40%
发文量
35
审稿时长
4 weeks
期刊介绍: Geoscience Data Journal provides an Open Access platform where scientific data can be formally published, in a way that includes scientific peer-review. Thus the dataset creator attains full credit for their efforts, while also improving the scientific record, providing version control for the community and allowing major datasets to be fully described, cited and discovered. An online-only journal, GDJ publishes short data papers cross-linked to – and citing – datasets that have been deposited in approved data centres and awarded DOIs. The journal will also accept articles on data services, and articles which support and inform data publishing best practices. Data is at the heart of science and scientific endeavour. The curation of data and the science associated with it is as important as ever in our understanding of the changing earth system and thereby enabling us to make future predictions. Geoscience Data Journal is working with recognised Data Centres across the globe to develop the future strategy for data publication, the recognition of the value of data and the communication and exploitation of data to the wider science and stakeholder communities.
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