Seasonal coordination of aboveground vegetative and reproductive growth and storage in apple trees subjected to defoliation, flower and fruit thinning

IF 2.1 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Trees Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1007/s00468-024-02539-0

Lenka Plavcová, Radek Jupa, Günter Hoch, Martin Mészáros, Klára Scháňková

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Key message

The growth rates of current-year shoots, fruits and trunks in apple trees peak sequentially during the growing season. The period of most intense growth coincided with the lowest NSC reserves.

Abstract

Vegetative and reproductive growth and storage are major carbon sinks in fruit trees; however, little is known about their mutual seasonal coordination. In this study, we monitored growth dynamics of trunks, fruits and current-year shoots together with the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in trees subjected to defoliation, early season flower thinning, mid-season fruit thinning and their respective combinations across the season. We found that defoliation had a negative effect on both trunk radial growth and annual fruit yield. Flower and fruit thinning caused lower fruit number per tree, but the individual fruits were larger resulting in a similar annual fruit yield among the treatments. Shoot extension growth was not significantly affected by the defoliation and flower and fruit thinning treatments. The concentration of non-structural carbohydrates was also similar across treatments. Modelled daily growth rates of shoots, fruits and trunks peaked sequentially one after another throughout the growing season with a delay of 15 and 18 days, respectively. The period of most intense growth of tree’s organs corresponded well with the lowest NSC reserves and a temporary depletion of starch in 1-year-old branches. Taken together, our study illustrates a tight temporal coordination of major carbon sinks and improves our understanding of sink/source relations of commercially important apple trees.

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受落叶、疏花和疏果影响的苹果树地上部无性和生殖生长及贮藏的季节性协调

关键信息苹果树当年新梢、果实和树干的生长率在生长季节依次达到峰值。摘要果树的植被生长和生殖生长以及贮藏是主要的碳汇；然而，人们对它们之间的季节性相互协调知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们对树干、果实和当年生芽的生长动态以及非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）的浓度进行了监测。我们发现，落叶对树干径向生长和全年果实产量都有负面影响。疏花疏果导致单株果实数量减少，但单个果实更大，因此各处理的年产量相近。落叶和疏花疏果处理对枝条伸展生长没有明显影响。各处理的非结构性碳水化合物浓度也相似。在整个生长季节，树枝、果实和树干的模拟日生长率依次达到峰值，分别延迟了 15 天和 18 天。树木器官生长最旺盛的时期与 1 年树龄枝条的 NSC 储量最低和淀粉暂时耗尽的时期十分吻合。总之，我们的研究说明了主要碳汇在时间上的紧密配合，加深了我们对具有重要商业价值的苹果树的碳汇/碳源关系的理解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Trees 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

113

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Trees - Structure and Function publishes original articles on the physiology, biochemistry, functional anatomy, structure and ecology of trees and other woody plants. Also presented are articles concerned with pathology and technological problems, when they contribute to the basic understanding of structure and function of trees. In addition to original articles and short communications, the journal publishes reviews on selected topics concerning the structure and function of trees.