Nasim Mahmud Akash , Shabab Saad , Md Abdullah Al Bari , Rahul Sarker , Chetan Gupta , Ghazale Asghari Sarabi , Arindam Phani , Farhan Zahin , Samia Tabassum , Kasimuthumaniyan Subramanian , Seonghwan Kim , Muhammad M. Rahman , Philip Egberts , Md Golam Kibria
{"title":"Development of asphaltene-derived carbon fiber reinforced composites via additive manufacturing","authors":"Nasim Mahmud Akash , Shabab Saad , Md Abdullah Al Bari , Rahul Sarker , Chetan Gupta , Ghazale Asghari Sarabi , Arindam Phani , Farhan Zahin , Samia Tabassum , Kasimuthumaniyan Subramanian , Seonghwan Kim , Muhammad M. Rahman , Philip Egberts , Md Golam Kibria","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119413","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber reinforced composites are sophisticated materials that are blends of carbon fibers (CFs) with a polymer matrix, providing outstanding strength, stiffness, and lightweight properties. Petroleum asphaltenes, the heavy fraction of bitumen, offer high aromaticity and carbon content, making them a cost-effective and promising raw material to produce high-value CFs. This study investigates the utilization and effectiveness of asphaltene-derived carbon fibers (ACFs) in composites produced through additive manufacturing. The composites were 3D printed by incorporating different weight proportions (0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, and 7.5 %) of chopped ACFs (length 3–4 mm, diameter ∼6–12 μm, tensile strength ∼500–1150 MPa, tensile modulus ∼40–90 GPa) without any post-treatment (without surface functionalization and sizing). Extensive characterizations were carried out on both ACFs and their derived composites to evaluate their mechanical (tensile, flexural, hardness, impact, etc.) properties to identify potential applications. Furthermore, the reinforcement ability of ACFs was assessed in contrast to composites produced from expensive commercial carbon fibers derived from polyacrylonitrile. Incorporating 7.5 wt% ACFs into the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix enhanced ABS's flexural and tensile strengths by ∼20 % and ∼5 %, and its corresponding modulus values by ∼30 % and ∼34 %, respectively. In addition, ABS's hardness was improved by 31 % with the inclusion of 7.5 wt% ACFs. This composite performance by incorporating ACFs is encouraging despite the lower surface roughness and surface energy of ACFs (due to the absence of surface functionalization and sizing) as well as their lower tensile strength and modulus properties as compared to commercial surface-functionalized and sized carbon fibers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Carbon","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622324006328","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced composites are sophisticated materials that are blends of carbon fibers (CFs) with a polymer matrix, providing outstanding strength, stiffness, and lightweight properties. Petroleum asphaltenes, the heavy fraction of bitumen, offer high aromaticity and carbon content, making them a cost-effective and promising raw material to produce high-value CFs. This study investigates the utilization and effectiveness of asphaltene-derived carbon fibers (ACFs) in composites produced through additive manufacturing. The composites were 3D printed by incorporating different weight proportions (0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, and 7.5 %) of chopped ACFs (length 3–4 mm, diameter ∼6–12 μm, tensile strength ∼500–1150 MPa, tensile modulus ∼40–90 GPa) without any post-treatment (without surface functionalization and sizing). Extensive characterizations were carried out on both ACFs and their derived composites to evaluate their mechanical (tensile, flexural, hardness, impact, etc.) properties to identify potential applications. Furthermore, the reinforcement ability of ACFs was assessed in contrast to composites produced from expensive commercial carbon fibers derived from polyacrylonitrile. Incorporating 7.5 wt% ACFs into the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix enhanced ABS's flexural and tensile strengths by ∼20 % and ∼5 %, and its corresponding modulus values by ∼30 % and ∼34 %, respectively. In addition, ABS's hardness was improved by 31 % with the inclusion of 7.5 wt% ACFs. This composite performance by incorporating ACFs is encouraging despite the lower surface roughness and surface energy of ACFs (due to the absence of surface functionalization and sizing) as well as their lower tensile strength and modulus properties as compared to commercial surface-functionalized and sized carbon fibers.
期刊介绍:
The journal Carbon is an international multidisciplinary forum for communicating scientific advances in the field of carbon materials. It reports new findings related to the formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbons. Carbons are a broad class of ordered or disordered solid phases composed primarily of elemental carbon, including but not limited to carbon black, carbon fibers and filaments, carbon nanotubes, diamond and diamond-like carbon, fullerenes, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, graphene-oxide, porous carbons, pyrolytic carbon, and other sp2 and non-sp2 hybridized carbon systems. Carbon is the companion title to the open access journal Carbon Trends. Relevant application areas for carbon materials include biology and medicine, catalysis, electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic, high-frequency, and photonic devices, energy storage and conversion systems, environmental applications and water treatment, smart materials and systems, and structural and thermal applications.