Junchao Kong, Qiangqiang Zhang, Bing Xu, Gang Wang, Huifang Dong
{"title":"In-Situ Observation and Discrete Element Simulation of Solid Graphite Lubrication Mechanism","authors":"Junchao Kong, Qiangqiang Zhang, Bing Xu, Gang Wang, Huifang Dong","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01881-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid lubrication is a green manufacturing technology with high efficiency, which saves energy and material and thus it is suitable for extreme conditions in mechanical engineering fields such as aerospace and high temperature mold. In this study, a graphite layer of specified thickness was prepared on the end face of the upper specimen by the directional spray method. The effect of velocity and load on the friction characteristics of the graphite layer were investigated using a friction tester capable of real time observation of the friction interface. Subsequently, a 3D surface profilometer, SEM, and EDS were used to characterize the morphology and elemental composition of the worn surfaces. The results show that the lubrication performance of the graphite layer is most effective with a flatter worn surface (S<sub>a</sub> and S<sub>Z</sub> are smaller) and higher carbon content when the velocity is 12.5 mm/s and the load is 4N. Meanwhile, force chains are short, numerous and lasting for a long time, while being uniformly distributed in all directions and velocity fluctuates greatly, with slowly decreased coordination numbers. This study aims to provide a reasonable explanation for the mechanisms by which velocity and load influence the lubrication effect of the powder layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tribology Letters","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11249-024-01881-1","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Solid lubrication is a green manufacturing technology with high efficiency, which saves energy and material and thus it is suitable for extreme conditions in mechanical engineering fields such as aerospace and high temperature mold. In this study, a graphite layer of specified thickness was prepared on the end face of the upper specimen by the directional spray method. The effect of velocity and load on the friction characteristics of the graphite layer were investigated using a friction tester capable of real time observation of the friction interface. Subsequently, a 3D surface profilometer, SEM, and EDS were used to characterize the morphology and elemental composition of the worn surfaces. The results show that the lubrication performance of the graphite layer is most effective with a flatter worn surface (Sa and SZ are smaller) and higher carbon content when the velocity is 12.5 mm/s and the load is 4N. Meanwhile, force chains are short, numerous and lasting for a long time, while being uniformly distributed in all directions and velocity fluctuates greatly, with slowly decreased coordination numbers. This study aims to provide a reasonable explanation for the mechanisms by which velocity and load influence the lubrication effect of the powder layer.
期刊介绍:
Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.