Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Fluxes in Sixty Tropical Brazilian Rivers: Current Status, Stoichiometry and Trends

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07271-6

Carlos Noriega, Humberto Varona, Carmen Medeiros, Aubains Hounsou-Gbo, Julia Araujo, Moacyr Araujo

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Abstract

Public data from sixty tropical rivers were used to explore variations in C, N, and P and the potential impact of anthropogenic activities over a decade on freshwater bodies. The results showed the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) varying between 2.7–73.0 mg C l⁻¹; whereas Total Nitrogen observations showed concentrations between 0.9 and 32.0 mg N l⁻¹ and Total Phosphorus showed a higher frequency of data in the range of 0.02–0.4 mg P l⁻¹. The annual total C load (TC) was estimated at 32.7 Tg C yr⁻¹, where dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accounted for 69% of TC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contributed 22%. The stoichiometry showed P depletion relative to C and/or N in 39 of the sixty rivers (65%). This was further supported by the fact that most catchments had TOC values > 50% (C/N/P = 100%). A significant trend was found for yearly fluxes of TOC for the period 2008–2018 (Mann–Kendall test; p = 0.0006; α = 0.05). Land-use and cover at period 2008–2018 indicated a trend of increasing anthropized area of 4%, whereas the natural area decreased by 3.1%. The organic load trend analysis showed 85% of municipalities with a positive trend, this high rate in the remaining organic load is indicative of urban and agricultural in the region.

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巴西 60 条热带河流的碳、氮和磷通量：现状、化学计量和趋势

利用来自六十条热带河流的公开数据，探讨了碳、氮、磷的变化以及十年来人类活动对淡水水体的潜在影响。结果显示，总有机碳（TOC）在 2.7-73.0 毫克 C l-1 之间变化；而总氮观测数据显示浓度在 0.9-32.0 毫克 N l-1 之间，总磷数据频率较高，在 0.02-0.4 毫克 P l-1 之间。年总碳负荷（TC）估计为 32.7 吨碳/年-1，其中溶解无机碳（DIC）占总碳负荷的 69%，溶解有机碳（DOC）占 22%。化学计量学显示，在 60 条河流中，有 39 条河流（65%）的碳和/或氮含量低于碳和/或氮含量。大多数集水区的总有机碳值为 50%（C/N/P=100%），进一步证实了这一点。在 2008-2018 年期间，TOC 的年通量呈明显趋势（Mann-Kendall 检验；p = 0.0006；α = 0.05）。2008-2018 年期间的土地利用和覆盖情况表明，人为化面积呈上升趋势，上升了 4%，而自然面积则下降了 3.1%。有机负荷趋势分析表明，85% 的城市呈正趋势，剩余有机负荷的这一高比率表明了该地区的城市和农业情况。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.