Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization Managements Under Mechanical Deep Placement for Raising Rice Grain Yield

IF 3.9 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Journal of Plant Growth Regulation Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI:10.1007/s00344-024-11370-3
Qiankun Li, Zheng Zhang, Haidong Liu, Yizhu Wu, Meiying Liu, Zaiman Wang, Hua Tian, Xiaojuan Pu, Shenggang Pan
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Abstract

It is not known whether both reducing tiller-fertilizer and increasing panicle-fertilizer can significantly increase grain yield under mechanical deep placement. The two-year field experiment was conducted to access the effects of optimal nitrogen fertilization including reducing tiller-fertilizer, increasing panicle-fertilizer, with the method of mechanical deep placement on grain yield and its physiological traits of rice, in 2019 and 2020. The experimental materials were selected with hybrid rice Wufengyou615 (WFY615) and inbred rice Yuxiangyouzhan (YXYZ). There were six experiment treatments, i.e., no any fertilization (H1); traditional surface broadcast fertilization (SB) (90 kg N ha−1 as basal fertilization (BF) and 60 kg N ha−1 as tillering fertilizer (TF), namely, BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 60 kg N (SB), (H2); BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 45 kg N (DP, deep placement) + FF (flowering fertilizer) 7.5 kg N (SB), (H3); BF 90 kg (SB) + TF 45 kg N (DF) + FF 15 kg N (SB), (H4); BF 90 kg N(SB) + TF 30 kg N (DP) + FF 7.5 kg N (SB), (H5); BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 30 kg N (DP) + FF 15 kg N (SB), (H6). The results showed that mean grain yield of WFY615 and YXYZ for H4 was 10.57 t ha−1 and 10.42 t ha−1, which was 14.58% and 7.49% higher than H2, respectively. The main reason was due to the increase of productive panicle per ha, spikelet per panicle and grain filling percentage. The highest total dry matter of WFY615 and YXYZ at heading (HS) and mature stages (MS) was for H4, which was 9.24, 15.97, 11.65, and 14.71 t ha−1, respectively. There was 31.09, 25.96, 41.73, and 20.58% higher total dry matter material of WFY615 and YXYZ for H4 than H2 at HS and MS, respectively. The largest leaf area index of H4 was also found at HS and fifteen days after HS for two rice cultivars, which was 6.24, 8.79, 6.09, and 8.29, respectively. The H4 treatment had the largest net photosynthetic rate, followed by H3 and H2, while the least net photosynthetic rate was recorded for H1. In addition, significant improvements were also founded in chlorophyll content, glutamate synthase, and nitrate reductase activities of sword leaves at HS for H4. Therefore, the fertilizer management can be regarded as one of high-efficiency fertilization method with 90 kg N ha−1 basal fertilizer by surface broadcast plus 45 kg N ha−1 tillering fertilizer under mechanical deep placement and 15 kg N ha−1 flowering fertilizer by surface broadcast.

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优化机械深施氮肥管理,提高水稻产量
在机械深施条件下,减少分蘖肥和增加圆锥花序肥能否显著提高谷物产量尚不清楚。为了解减施分蘖肥、增施圆锥肥等优化氮肥与机械深施相结合的方法对水稻产量及其生理性状的影响,于2019年和2020年进行了为期两年的田间试验。试验材料选用杂交水稻五丰优615(WFY615)和近交水稻优香优占(YXYZ)。共设六个试验处理,即不施肥(H1);传统的地表撒施(SB)(90 kg N ha-1 基肥(BF)和 60 kg N ha-1 分蘖肥(TF),即 BF 90 kg N(SB)+TF 60 kg N(SB),(H2);BF 90 kg N(SB)+TF 45 kg N(DP,深施)+FF(花肥)7.5 kg N(SB),(H3);BF 90 kg N(SB)+TF 45 kg N(DF)+FF 15 kg N(SB),(H4);BF 90 kg N(SB)+TF 30 kg N(DP)+FF 7.5 kg N(SB),(H5);BF 90 kg N(SB)+TF 30 kg N(DP)+FF 15 kg N(SB),(H6)。结果表明,WFY615 和 YXYZ 在 H4 的平均产量分别为 10.57 吨/公顷和 10.42 吨/公顷,比 H2 分别增产 14.58% 和 7.49%。主要原因是每公顷生产圆锥花序数、每圆锥花序小穗数和籽粒灌浆率均有所增加。WFY615 和 YXYZ 在穗期(HS)和成熟期(MS)的总干物质最高的是 H4,分别为 9.24、15.97、11.65 和 14.71 吨/公顷。WFY615 和 YXYZ 在 H4 的总干物质在 HS 和 MS 期分别比 H2 高 31.09%、25.96%、41.73% 和 20.58%。在 HS 和 HS 后 15 天,两个水稻品种的 H4 叶面积指数也最大,分别为 6.24、8.79、6.09 和 8.29。H4 处理的净光合速率最大,其次是 H3 和 H2,而 H1 的净光合速率最小。此外,H4 处理的剑叶叶绿素含量、谷氨酸合成酶和硝酸还原酶活性也明显提高。因此,肥料管理可视为一种高效施肥方法,即每公顷 90 千克氮的基肥采用地表撒施,加上每公顷 45 千克氮的分蘖肥采用机械深施,每公顷 15 千克氮的花肥采用地表撒施。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
312
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Plant Growth Regulation is an international publication featuring original articles on all aspects of plant growth and development. We welcome manuscripts reporting question-based research on various aspects of plant growth and development using hormonal, physiological, environmental, genetic, biophysical, developmental and/or molecular approaches. The journal also publishes timely reviews on highly relevant areas and/or studies in plant growth and development, including interdisciplinary work with an emphasis on plant growth, plant hormones and plant pathology or abiotic stress. In addition, the journal features occasional thematic issues with special guest editors, as well as brief communications describing novel techniques and meeting reports. The journal is unlikely to accept manuscripts that are purely descriptive in nature or reports work with simple tissue culture without attempting to investigate the underlying mechanisms of plant growth regulation, those that focus exclusively on microbial communities, or deal with the (elicitation by plant hormones of) synthesis of secondary metabolites.
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