{"title":"Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization Managements Under Mechanical Deep Placement for Raising Rice Grain Yield","authors":"Qiankun Li, Zheng Zhang, Haidong Liu, Yizhu Wu, Meiying Liu, Zaiman Wang, Hua Tian, Xiaojuan Pu, Shenggang Pan","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11370-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is not known whether both reducing tiller-fertilizer and increasing panicle-fertilizer can significantly increase grain yield under mechanical deep placement. The two-year field experiment was conducted to access the effects of optimal nitrogen fertilization including reducing tiller-fertilizer, increasing panicle-fertilizer, with the method of mechanical deep placement on grain yield and its physiological traits of rice, in 2019 and 2020. The experimental materials were selected with hybrid rice <i>Wufengyou615</i> (<i>WFY615</i>) and inbred rice <i>Yuxiangyouzhan</i> (<i>YXYZ</i>). There were six experiment treatments, i.e., no any fertilization (H1); traditional surface broadcast fertilization (SB) (90 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> as basal fertilization (BF) and 60 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> as tillering fertilizer (TF), namely, BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 60 kg N (SB), (H2); BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 45 kg N (DP, deep placement) + FF (flowering fertilizer) 7.5 kg N (SB), (H3); BF 90 kg (SB) + TF 45 kg N (DF) + FF 15 kg N (SB), (H4); BF 90 kg N(SB) + TF 30 kg N (DP) + FF 7.5 kg N (SB), (H5); BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 30 kg N (DP) + FF 15 kg N (SB), (H6). The results showed that mean grain yield of <i>WFY615</i> and <i>YXYZ</i> for H4 was 10.57 t ha<sup>−1</sup> and 10.42 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, which was 14.58% and 7.49% higher than H2, respectively. The main reason was due to the increase of productive panicle per ha, spikelet per panicle and grain filling percentage. The highest total dry matter of <i>WFY615</i> and <i>YXYZ</i> at heading (HS) and mature stages (MS) was for H4, which was 9.24, 15.97, 11.65, and 14.71 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. There was 31.09, 25.96, 41.73, and 20.58% higher total dry matter material of <i>WFY615</i> and <i>YXYZ</i> for H4 than H2 at HS and MS, respectively. The largest leaf area index of H4 was also found at HS and fifteen days after HS for two rice cultivars, which was 6.24, 8.79, 6.09, and 8.29, respectively. The H4 treatment had the largest net photosynthetic rate, followed by H3 and H2, while the least net photosynthetic rate was recorded for H1. In addition, significant improvements were also founded in chlorophyll content, glutamate synthase, and nitrate reductase activities of sword leaves at HS for H4. Therefore, the fertilizer management can be regarded as one of high-efficiency fertilization method with 90 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> basal fertilizer by surface broadcast plus 45 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> tillering fertilizer under mechanical deep placement and 15 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> flowering fertilizer by surface broadcast.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11370-3","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
It is not known whether both reducing tiller-fertilizer and increasing panicle-fertilizer can significantly increase grain yield under mechanical deep placement. The two-year field experiment was conducted to access the effects of optimal nitrogen fertilization including reducing tiller-fertilizer, increasing panicle-fertilizer, with the method of mechanical deep placement on grain yield and its physiological traits of rice, in 2019 and 2020. The experimental materials were selected with hybrid rice Wufengyou615 (WFY615) and inbred rice Yuxiangyouzhan (YXYZ). There were six experiment treatments, i.e., no any fertilization (H1); traditional surface broadcast fertilization (SB) (90 kg N ha−1 as basal fertilization (BF) and 60 kg N ha−1 as tillering fertilizer (TF), namely, BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 60 kg N (SB), (H2); BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 45 kg N (DP, deep placement) + FF (flowering fertilizer) 7.5 kg N (SB), (H3); BF 90 kg (SB) + TF 45 kg N (DF) + FF 15 kg N (SB), (H4); BF 90 kg N(SB) + TF 30 kg N (DP) + FF 7.5 kg N (SB), (H5); BF 90 kg N (SB) + TF 30 kg N (DP) + FF 15 kg N (SB), (H6). The results showed that mean grain yield of WFY615 and YXYZ for H4 was 10.57 t ha−1 and 10.42 t ha−1, which was 14.58% and 7.49% higher than H2, respectively. The main reason was due to the increase of productive panicle per ha, spikelet per panicle and grain filling percentage. The highest total dry matter of WFY615 and YXYZ at heading (HS) and mature stages (MS) was for H4, which was 9.24, 15.97, 11.65, and 14.71 t ha−1, respectively. There was 31.09, 25.96, 41.73, and 20.58% higher total dry matter material of WFY615 and YXYZ for H4 than H2 at HS and MS, respectively. The largest leaf area index of H4 was also found at HS and fifteen days after HS for two rice cultivars, which was 6.24, 8.79, 6.09, and 8.29, respectively. The H4 treatment had the largest net photosynthetic rate, followed by H3 and H2, while the least net photosynthetic rate was recorded for H1. In addition, significant improvements were also founded in chlorophyll content, glutamate synthase, and nitrate reductase activities of sword leaves at HS for H4. Therefore, the fertilizer management can be regarded as one of high-efficiency fertilization method with 90 kg N ha−1 basal fertilizer by surface broadcast plus 45 kg N ha−1 tillering fertilizer under mechanical deep placement and 15 kg N ha−1 flowering fertilizer by surface broadcast.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Plant Growth Regulation is an international publication featuring original articles on all aspects of plant growth and development. We welcome manuscripts reporting question-based research on various aspects of plant growth and development using hormonal, physiological, environmental, genetic, biophysical, developmental and/or molecular approaches.
The journal also publishes timely reviews on highly relevant areas and/or studies in plant growth and development, including interdisciplinary work with an emphasis on plant growth, plant hormones and plant pathology or abiotic stress.
In addition, the journal features occasional thematic issues with special guest editors, as well as brief communications describing novel techniques and meeting reports.
The journal is unlikely to accept manuscripts that are purely descriptive in nature or reports work with simple tissue culture without attempting to investigate the underlying mechanisms of plant growth regulation, those that focus exclusively on microbial communities, or deal with the (elicitation by plant hormones of) synthesis of secondary metabolites.