Cyclic dynamics drive summer movement ecology of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus)

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI:10.3389/fevo.2024.1419245
Hannah A. Miller, Jenilee Gobin, Melanie R. Boudreau, Liam G. Horne, Lee E. Scholl, Jacob L. Seguin, Samuel Sonnega, Charles J. Krebs, Rudy Boonstra, Alice J. Kenney, Thomas S. Jung, Stan Boutin, Dennis L. Murray
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Abstract

Animals exhibit dynamic movement and activity in response to environmental variation including changes in reproductive opportunities, predation risk, or food availability. Yet, it remains unclear which factors are primary in affecting animal movement, and whether the relative importance of these factors are consistent through time. We tracked snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) using GPS telemetry during eight summers spanning a hare population cycle (2015–2022) in southwestern Yukon, Canada, to determine associations between environmental variation and hare movement and home range size. Hare density varied 25-fold during the study and home range size increased markedly during low hare density, especially for males. Both sexes retained similar core space use and linearity of movements, but at low densities males had greater and more variable movement rates and time spent travelling. Trail cameras revealed that annual changes in hare movement were also correlated with relative abundance of lynx (Lynx canadensis) and coyotes (Canis latrans). However, hare detection rates within a season were not closely associated with seasonal variation in predator detection. Observed differences between male and female hares in some metrics highlighted that different life histories and reproductive behavior are likely the main drivers of hare movement dynamics. Therefore, fitness rewards associated with successful mate search and reproduction appear to outweigh risks associated with increased movement, even in highly variable environments where costs of prioritizing reproduction-related activities are notably high and variable.
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雪兔夏季运动生态的周期动态驱动力
动物会根据环境变化(包括繁殖机会、捕食风险或食物供应的变化)而表现出动态的运动和活动。然而,目前仍不清楚哪些因素是影响动物运动的主要因素,也不清楚这些因素的相对重要性是否随着时间的推移而一致。我们在加拿大育空西南部的一个野兔种群周期(2015-2022年)内的8个夏季使用GPS遥测技术对雪兔(Lepus americanus)进行了追踪,以确定环境变化与野兔运动和家园范围大小之间的关联。在研究期间,野兔密度变化了25倍,野兔密度低时,家园范围的大小明显增加,尤其是雄性野兔。雌雄野兔对核心空间的利用和运动的线性度相似,但在低密度时,雄性野兔的运动速率和旅行时间更大、更多变。跟踪相机显示,野兔运动的年度变化也与猞猁(Lynx canadensis)和郊狼(Canis latrans)的相对丰度相关。然而,野兔在一个季节内的发现率与捕食者发现率的季节性变化并无密切联系。观察到的雌雄野兔在某些指标上的差异突出表明,不同的生活史和繁殖行为可能是野兔运动动态的主要驱动力。因此,即使在高度多变的环境中,优先考虑与繁殖有关的活动的成本明显较高且多变,与成功寻找配偶和繁殖相关的体能回报似乎大于与增加运动相关的风险。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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