Solid State Reduction Driven Synthesis of Mn Containing Multi-principal Component Alloys

Abstract

In recent years, high entropy alloys (HEAs), also known as multi-principal component alloys (MPCAs) have emerged as a new and exciting class of materials. This paper reports on the solid state reduction synthesis of a series of CoFeNiMn-based MPCA compositions, starting from a mixture of the corresponding oxides. One of the aims of the study was to test whether the degree of reduction of MnO, a highly stable oxide, could be enhanced by tailoring the alloy composition. Specifically, the influence of Ni content was studied because Ni exhibits a significant negative enthalpy of mixing with Mn. High purity precursor powders of Co(OH)₂, Fe₂O₃, MnO₂, and NiO were milled and mixed using standard ceramic processing methods. The nominal sample compositions (assuming complete oxide reduction) were (CoFeMn)_xNi_(1−x), for x = 0, 0.083, 0.166, and 0.25. The oxide samples were subjected to a series of isothermal reduction anneals in flowing 3 pct H₂–Ar at 1100 °C. The resulting microstructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composition of the resulting MPCAs was determined quantitatively using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) in the electron microprobe. The study revealed that for each of the initial oxide compositions studied, it was possible to achieve an MPCA with ~ 25 at. pct Mn. These results were found to be consistent with the predictions of a thermodynamic model whereby a negative enthalpy of mixing (ΔH_mix), combined with a contribution from configurational entropy, can offset a positive free energy of reduction (ΔG_red). The incorporation of vibrational entropy into first principles calculations was found to have a significant effect on the predicted crystal structure of the MPCAs.