Clostridium perfringens in central Colombia: frequency, toxin genes, and risk factors.

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Gut Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.1186/s13099-024-00629-5

Anny Camargo, Laura Bohorquez, Diana Paola López, Atilio Ferrebuz-Cardozo, José Castellanos-Rozo, Javier Díaz-Ovalle, Mariana Rada, Milena Camargo, Juan David Ramírez, Marina Muñoz

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Abstract

Clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic bacterium that causes intestinal diseases in both humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the frequency of C. perfringens and the presence of toxin-encoding genes in fecal samples from individuals with or without gastrointestinal symptoms in the Department of Boyacá, Colombia. Additionally, risk factors associated with carriage and disease development were analyzed. A total of 114 stool samples were analyzed using a molecular test based on specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S-rRNA and alpha toxin (cpa) genes. For individuals with a positive result for the PCR test, stool samples were cultured on Tryptose Sulfite Cycloserine (TSC) agar. Two to five colonies forming units were selected based on phenotypic characteristics, resulting in 56 bacterial isolates. These isolates were then analyzed for toxin-coding genes associated with gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, sociodemographic and clinical data from 77 individuals were also analyzed. The overall frequency of C. perfringens was 19.3% (n = 22/114). The detection frequency in 77 individuals with clinical data was 16.6% (n = 5/30) among symptomatic individuals and 21.2% (n = 10/47) among asymptomatic individuals. All 56 isolates obtained carried the cpa gene, while cpb2 was present in 10.7% (n = 6/56); cpe and cpb genes were not detected. Notably, diabetes and autoimmune diseases are significantly associated with an increased risk of C. perfringens detection (adjusted OR 8.41: 95% CI 1.32-35.89). This study highlights an elevated frequency of C. perfringens and the presence of the cpb2 gene in asymptomatic individuals compared with their symptomatic counterparts. These findings offer insights into the distribution and virulence factors of C. perfringens at a micro-geographical level. This information supports the need for developing tailored prevention strategies based on local characteristics to promote active surveillance programs based on molecular epidemiology.

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哥伦比亚中部的产气荚膜梭菌：频率、毒素基因和风险因素。

产气荚膜梭菌是一种机会性细菌，可导致人类和动物肠道疾病。这项研究旨在评估哥伦比亚博亚卡省有或无胃肠道症状的人的粪便样本中产气荚膜梭菌的频率和毒素编码基因的存在情况。此外，还分析了与携带和疾病发展相关的风险因素。共对 114 份粪便样本进行了分子检测，该检测基于针对 16S-rRNA 和 alpha 毒素 (cpa) 基因的特异性聚合酶链反应 (PCR)。对于 PCR 检测结果呈阳性的个体，粪便样本会在胰硫酸盐环丝氨酸（TSC）琼脂上进行培养。根据表型特征筛选出 2 到 5 个菌落形成单位，最终得到 56 个细菌分离物。然后对这些分离物进行分析，以检测与胃肠道疾病相关的毒素编码基因。此外，还分析了 77 人的社会人口学和临床数据。产气荚膜杆菌的总检出率为 19.3%（n = 22/114）。有临床数据的 77 人中，有症状者的检出率为 16.6%（n = 5/30），无症状者的检出率为 21.2%（n = 10/47）。获得的所有 56 个分离株都携带 cpa 基因，10.7%（n = 6/56）存在 cpb2；未检测到 cpe 和 cpb 基因。值得注意的是，糖尿病和自身免疫性疾病与产气荚膜杆菌检出风险的增加明显相关（调整后 OR 8.41：95% CI 1.32-35.89）。这项研究表明，与无症状人群相比，无症状人群中产气荚膜杆菌和 cpb2 基因的存在频率更高。这些发现提供了在微观地理层面上了解产气荚膜杆菌的分布和致病因素的途径。这些信息表明，有必要根据当地特点制定有针对性的预防策略，以促进基于分子流行病学的积极监测计划。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Gut Pathogens GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： Gut Pathogens is a fast publishing, inclusive and prominent international journal which recognizes the need for a publishing platform uniquely tailored to reflect the full breadth of research in the biology and medicine of pathogens, commensals and functional microbiota of the gut. The journal publishes basic, clinical and cutting-edge research on all aspects of the above mentioned organisms including probiotic bacteria and yeasts and their products. The scope also covers the related ecology, molecular genetics, physiology and epidemiology of these microbes. The journal actively invites timely reports on the novel aspects of genomics, metagenomics, microbiota profiling and systems biology. Gut Pathogens will also consider, at the discretion of the editors, descriptive studies identifying a new genome sequence of a gut microbe or a series of related microbes (such as those obtained from new hosts, niches, settings, outbreaks and epidemics) and those obtained from single or multiple hosts at one or different time points (chronological evolution).