Annamaria Cattaneo , Veronica Begni , Valentina Zonca , Marco A. Riva
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Exposure to adversities during early life stages (early life adversities - ELA), ranging from pregnancy to adolescence, represents a major risk factor for the vulnerability to mental disorders. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular and functional underpinning of such relationship, in order to develop strategies aimed at reducing the psychopathologic burden associated with ELA, which may eventually lead to a significant improvement in clinical practice. In this review, we will initially recapitulate clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the link between ELA and psychopathology and we will primarily discuss the main biological mechanisms that have been described as potential mediators of the effects of ELA on the psychopathologic risk, including the role for genetic factors as well as sex differences. The knowledge emerging from these studies may be instrumental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed not only at correcting the deficits that emerge from ELA exposure, but also in preventing the manifestation of a full-blown psychopathologic condition. With this respect, we will specifically focus on adolescence as a key time frame for disease onset as well as for early therapeutic intervention. We believe that incorporating clinical and preclinical research data in the context of early life adversities can be instrumental to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the risk for psychopathology or that may promote resilience. This will ultimately allow the identification of ‘at risk’ individuals who may benefit from specific forms of interventions that, by interfering with disease trajectories, could result in more benign clinical outcomes.
从怀孕到青春期的生命早期阶段(生命早期逆境--ELA)所遭遇的逆境是易患精神疾病的主要风险因素。因此,了解这种关系的分子和功能基础非常重要,这样才能制定出旨在减轻与 ELA 相关的精神病理负担的策略,从而最终显著改善临床实践。在本综述中,我们将首先回顾支持 ELA 与精神病理学之间联系的临床和临床前证据,并将主要讨论作为 ELA 对精神病理学风险影响的潜在介导因素的主要生物机制,包括遗传因素和性别差异的作用。从这些研究中获得的知识可能有助于开发新的治疗策略,其目的不仅在于纠正因暴露于 ELA 而出现的缺陷,而且还在于防止出现全面的精神病理状况。在这方面,我们将特别关注青少年时期,将其视为发病和早期治疗干预的关键时期。我们相信,将临床和临床前研究数据与早期生活逆境相结合,有助于阐明导致精神病理学风险或可能促进复原力的机制。这最终将有助于识别 "高危 "人群,他们可能会从特定形式的干预措施中获益,而这些干预措施通过干预疾病轨迹,可能会产生更加良性的临床结果。
期刊介绍:
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, in its 20th year, delivers lucid, critical, and authoritative reviews on current pharmacological topics.Articles, commissioned by the editor, follow specific author instructions.This journal maintains its scientific excellence and ranks among the top 10 most cited journals in pharmacology.