Statistical characteristics of merger-type sea-breeze fronts and associated circulation patterns in the Bohai Bay region, North China

IF 7.6 Q1 REMOTE SENSING International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation : ITC journal Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI:10.1016/j.jag.2024.104005

Abuduwaili Abulikemu , Zhiyi Li , Jingjing Zheng , Shushi Zhang , Xin Xu , Yan Wang , Yiwei Liu

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Abstract

Sea breeze front (SBF) is one of the important weather systems affecting the occurrence and development of severe convective weather in the Bohai Bay region (BBR). 226 cases of merger-type SBFs (MSBFs) merged with gust fronts (GFs) and convective systems (CSs), respectively, were identified based on Doppler weather radar data and ground-based automatic weather station data from May to September during 2009–2018 in the BBR, and their basic tempo-spatial characteristics and associated atmospheric circulation backgrounds are documented for the first time.

The number of MSBFs cases merged with GFs (MSBF-GFs) and that of MSBFs merged with CSs (MSBF-CSs) were 172 and 54, respectively. The number of MSBFs varied significantly in each year, with 37 (13) in the most (least) frequent year, and with an average number of 22.6 per year. More than 93.8 % of the MSBFs occurred from June to August, especially most frequent (37.2 %) in July. The merging locations of the MSBFs were mainly distributed in the central-northern Tianjin and the southeastern Hebei province, and the horizontal scales of MSBFs were mainly distributed in the range of 130–309 km. About 29.6 % (51.9 %) of the MSBF-CSs cases resulted in significantly (slightly) enhanced convections, while 51.4 % (23.8 %) of the MSBF-GFs bring about significantly (slightly) enhanced convections. About 72.1 % of the MSBF-GFs cases are merged in near “face-to-face” form, and their 49.2 % (23.4 %) proportion lead to significantly (slightly) enhanced convections. The atmospheric circulation patterns of MSBFs identified using objective classification method showed that, the major two patterns (occupied 56.6 % cases) have similar dynamic, thermodynamic, and water vapor characteristics including westerlies or southwesterlies with intensity about 8–10 m/s at 500 hPa, showing significant warm and moist air delivered from the south and relatively weak vertical wind shear along with intense water vapor convergence at 850 hPa.

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华北渤海湾地区合并型海风锋面的统计特征及相关环流模式

海风前线（SBF）是影响渤海湾地区（BBR）强对流天气发生和发展的重要天气系统之一。根据渤海湾地区2009-2018年5-9月多普勒天气雷达资料和地面自动气象站资料，分别识别了226例与阵风锋（GFs）和对流系统（CSs）合并的合并型海风锋（MSBFs），并首次记录了其基本时空特征和相关大气环流背景。与GFs合并的MSBFs（MSBF-GFs）和与CSs合并的MSBFs（MSBF-CSs）分别为172个和54个。每年的 MSBF 数量变化很大，最多（最少）的一年有 37 个（13 个），平均每年 22.6 个。超过 93.8% 的 MSBF 发生在 6-8 月份，尤其以 7 月份最为频繁（37.2%）。MSBF的合并地点主要分布在天津市中北部和河北省东南部，MSBF的水平尺度主要分布在130-309 km之间。约29.6%（51.9%）的MSBF-CSs导致对流明显（轻微）增强，而51.4%（23.8%）的MSBF-GFs导致对流明显（轻微）增强。约72.1%的MSBF-GFs以接近 "面对面 "的形式合并，其49.2%（23.4%）的比例导致对流明显（轻微）增强。利用客观分类法识别的 MSBFs 大气环流模式显示，主要的两种模式（占 56.6%）具有相似的动力、热动力和水汽特征，包括在 500 hPa 强度约为 8-10 m/s 的西风或西南风，显示出大量暖湿气流从南方输送过来，垂直风切变相对较弱，同时在 850 hPa 有强烈的水汽辐合。

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来源期刊

International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation : ITC journal Global and Planetary Change, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Earth-Surface Processes, Computers in Earth Sciences

CiteScore

12.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

77 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation publishes original papers that utilize earth observation data for natural resource and environmental inventory and management. These data primarily originate from remote sensing platforms, including satellites and aircraft, supplemented by surface and subsurface measurements. Addressing natural resources such as forests, agricultural land, soils, and water, as well as environmental concerns like biodiversity, land degradation, and hazards, the journal explores conceptual and data-driven approaches. It covers geoinformation themes like capturing, databasing, visualization, interpretation, data quality, and spatial uncertainty.