Variations in air-sea heat fluxes during lifetime of intense tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal

IF 1.9 4区地球科学 Q3 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.1007/s00703-024-01026-y

Pravat Rabi Naskar, Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Gyan Prakash Singh

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Abstract

In this study, we have tried to find out the influence of air-sea heat fluxes (particularly the Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF) and the Surface Sensible Heat Flux (SSHF)) on the intensity of Intense Tropical Cyclones’ (ITCs’). We have analysed 32 ITCs which originated in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 1990–2019. We have used IMD best track data for track and vital parameters of ITCs. We have also used high resolution (0.25°×0.25°) ERA5 SLHF, SSHF and SST data for their variations during the lifetime of ITCs. It is observed that the SLHF_max during the whole lifetime and the study period is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity (i.e. with the central pressure (CP) and the maximum sustained wind speed (MSW)) whereas the SSHF_max shows weak correlations with ITCs’ intensity. This suggests the strong association between the SLHF_max and ITCs intensity and strong latent heat flux exchange between the ocean and atmosphere during the whole lifetime and the study period. Similar results are observed in the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season. In the pre-monsoon season the association of SLHF_max with the ITCs intensity is stronger than the post-monsoon season due to strong background conditions, pointing towards the strong air-sea interaction. The SLHF_max in the growing and the decaying stage are also highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity but correlation coefficients of ITCs’ intensity with the SLHF_max in the decaying stage are slightly higher than those of in the growing stage. It is also found that the SSHF_max has an appreciable correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the growing stage whereas it has negligible correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the decaying stage pointing towards the influence of sensible heat flux in the growing stage of ITCs. It is also noticed that during rapid decay (RD) the SLHF_max is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity possibly due to cold wakes which rapidly diminishes the SLHF but during rapid intensification the SLHF does not increase so rapidly due to the sluggish WISHE feedback, hence the SLHF_max during rapid intensification (RI) is not appreciably correlated with ITCs’ intensity.

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孟加拉湾强烈热带气旋生命周期中的海气热通量变化

在这项研究中，我们试图找出海气热通量（尤其是表面潜热通量（SLHF）和表面感热通量（SSHF））对强热带气旋强度的影响。我们分析了 1990-2019 年间起源于孟加拉湾（BoB）的 32 个强热带气旋。我们使用了 IMD 最佳路径数据来获取 ITC 的路径和生命参数。我们还使用了高分辨率（0.25°×0.25°）ERA5 SLHF、SSHF 和 SST 数据，以了解它们在 ITC 期间的变化情况。结果表明，在整个生命周期和研究期间，SLHFmax 与 ITCs 的强度（即与中心气压（CP）和最大持续风速（MSW））高度相关，而 SSHFmax 与 ITCs 的强度相关性较弱。这表明，在整个生命周期和研究期间，SLHFmax 与 ITCs 强度和海洋与大气之间强烈的潜热通量交换之间存在密切联系。在季风前和季风后季节也观察到类似的结果。在季风前的季节，由于背景条件较强，SLHFmax 与 ITCs 强度的关联比季风后的季节更强，表明海气相互作用较强。生长期和衰减期的 SLHFmax 与 ITCs 强度也高度相关，但衰减期 ITCs 强度与 SLHFmax 的相关系数略高于生长期。研究还发现，在生长阶段，SSHFmax 与 ITCs 强度有明显的相关性，而在衰减阶段，SSHFmax 与 ITCs 强度的相关性则微乎其微，这表明在 ITCs 的生长阶段，显热通量对其有影响。我们还注意到，在快速衰减（RD）过程中，SLHFmax 与 ITCs 强度高度相关，这可能是由于冷风迅速减弱了 SLHF，但在快速增强（RI）过程中，由于 WISHE 反馈迟缓，SLHF 没有迅速增加，因此快速增强（RI）过程中的 SLHFmax 与 ITCs 强度没有明显相关。

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来源期刊

Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics accepts original research papers for publication following the recommendations of a review panel. The emphasis lies with the following topic areas: - atmospheric dynamics and general circulation; - synoptic meteorology; - weather systems in specific regions, such as the tropics, the polar caps, the oceans; - atmospheric energetics; - numerical modeling and forecasting; - physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, including radiation, optical effects, electricity, and atmospheric turbulence and transport processes; - mathematical and statistical techniques applied to meteorological data sets Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics discusses physical and chemical processes - in both clear and cloudy atmospheres - including radiation, optical and electrical effects, precipitation and cloud microphysics.