Label-Free Impedance Analysis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells for Rapid Safety and Efficacy Profiling

Abstract

Regenerative therapies, including the transplantation of spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are promising treatment strategies for spinal cord injuries. However, the risk of tumorigenicity from residual iPSCs advocates an unmet need for rapid SCPCs safety profiling. Herein, a rapid (≈3000 cells min^-1) electrical-based microfluidic biophysical cytometer is reported to detect low-abundance iPSCs from SCPCs at single-cell resolution. Based on multifrequency impedance measurements (0.3 to 12 MHz), biophysical features including cell size, deformability, membrane, and nucleus dielectric properties are simultaneously quantified as a cell is hydrodynamically stretched at a cross junction under continuous flow. A supervised uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) model is further developed for impedance-based quantification of undifferentiated iPSCs with high sensitivity (≈1% spiked iPSCs) and shows good correlations with SCPCs differentiation outcomes using two iPSC lines. Cell membrane opacity (day 1) is also identified as a novel early intrinsic predictive biomarker that exhibits a strong correlation with SCPC differentiation efficiency (day 10). Overall, it is envisioned that this label-free and optic-free platform technology can be further developed as a versatile cost-effective process analytical tool to monitor or assess stem cell quality and safety in regenerative medicine.