Sang-Hyun Kim, Erica Españo, Bill Thaddeus Padasas, Ju-Ho Son, Jihee Oh, Richard J Webby, Young-Ran Lee, Chan-Su Park, Jeong-Ki Kim
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The influenza virus poses a global health burden. Currently, an annual vaccine is used to reduce influenza virus-associated morbidity and mortality. Most influenza vaccines have been developed to elicit neutralizing Abs against influenza virus. These Abs primarily target immunodominant epitopes derived from hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza virus incorporated in vaccines. However, HA and NA are highly variable proteins that are prone to antigenic changes, which can reduce vaccine efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to develop universal vaccines that target immunodominant epitopes derived from conserved regions of the influenza virus, enabling cross-protection among different virus variants. The internal proteins of the influenza virus serve as ideal targets for universal vaccines. These internal proteins are presented by MHC class I molecules on Ag-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, and recognized by CD8 T cells, which elicit CD8 T cell responses, reducing the likelihood of disease and influenza viral spread by inducing virus-infected cell apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the importance of CD8 T cell-mediated immunity against influenza viruses and that of viral epitopes for developing CD8 T cell-based influenza vaccines.
流感病毒给全球健康造成了负担。目前,每年都会使用疫苗来降低与流感病毒相关的发病率和死亡率。大多数流感疫苗都是为了激发针对流感病毒的中和抗体而开发的。这些抗体主要针对疫苗中流感病毒血凝素(HA)或神经氨酸酶(NA)的免疫优势表位。然而,HA 和 NA 是高度易变的蛋白质,容易发生抗原性变化,从而降低疫苗的效力。因此,必须开发针对流感病毒保守区域免疫优势表位的通用疫苗,从而实现不同病毒变种之间的交叉保护。流感病毒的内部蛋白是通用疫苗的理想靶标。这些内部蛋白由树突状细胞等呈递Ag细胞上的MHC I类分子呈现,并被CD8 T细胞识别,从而引起CD8 T细胞反应,通过诱导病毒感染细胞凋亡来降低疾病和流感病毒传播的可能性。在这篇综述中,我们强调了 CD8 T 细胞介导的流感病毒免疫以及病毒表位对开发基于 CD8 T 细胞的流感疫苗的重要性。
期刊介绍:
Immune Network publishes novel findings in basic and clinical immunology and aims to provide a medium through which researchers in various fields of immunology can share and connect. The journal focuses on advances and insights into the regulation of the immune system and the immunological mechanisms of various diseases. Research that provides integrated insights into translational immunology is given preference for publication. All submissions are evaluated based on originality, quality, clarity, and brevity