Cognitive and affective theory of mind in young and elderly patients with multiple sclerosis.

IF 2 4区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Journal of Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1111/jnp.12382

Maxime Montembeault, Romane Farley, Julie Ouellet, Estefania Brando, Alexandra Tremblay, Kim Charest, Élaine Roger, Peter Scherzer, Pierre Duquette, Isabelle Rouleau

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Abstract

Theory of mind (ToM) deficits have been reported in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, most studies have used pictures or written scenarios as stimuli without distinguishing between cognitive and affective ToM, and no studies have investigated older pwMS. We recruited 13 young healthy controls (HC), 14 young pwMS, 14 elderly HC and 15 elderly pwMS. ToM was measured using an adaptation of the Conversations and Insinuations task (Ouellet et al., J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc., 16, 2010, 287). In this ecological video-based task, participants watch four 2-minute videos of social interactions, which are interrupted by multiple choice questions about either the emotional state (affective ToM) or the intention (cognitive ToM) of the characters. They also underwent a short neuropsychological battery including cognitive, executive and social cognition tasks and questionnaires. We observed a significant interaction between the ToM conditions and the groups regarding ToM performance. Elderly pwMS scored significantly lower than elderly HC and young pwMS in cognitive ToM, but not in affective ToM. They also showed the largest discrepancy between their cognitive and affective ToM. Young pwMS showed relatively preserved ToM in both conditions. Both cognitive and affective ToM correlated with global cognition and executive abilities, but not with social cognitive measures (emotion recognition, real-life empathy). This study suggests that decline in cognitive ToM might be accentuated by advancing age in pwMS. These impairments are most likely underlied by cognitive and executive difficulties, but not by core social cognitive impairments. Future studies should investigate the real-life impacts of ToM impairments in pwMS.

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多发性硬化症年轻患者和老年患者的认知和情感心理理论。

据报道，多发性硬化症患者（pwMS）存在心智理论（ToM）缺陷。然而，大多数研究都使用图片或文字情景作为刺激，没有区分认知和情感心智理论，也没有研究对老年多发性硬化症患者进行调查。我们招募了 13 名年轻的健康对照组 (HC)、14 名年轻的 pwMS、14 名年长的健康对照组 (HC) 和 15 名年长的 pwMS。ToM 采用对话和暗示任务（Ouellet 等人，J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc., 16, 2010, 287）的改编版进行测量。在这项以生态视频为基础的任务中，参与者观看四段两分钟的社会互动视频，视频被有关人物情绪状态（情感 ToM）或意图（认知 ToM）的多项选择题打断。他们还接受了简短的神经心理学测试，包括认知、执行和社会认知任务及问卷调查。我们观察到，在 ToM 表现方面，ToM 条件与组别之间存在明显的交互作用。老年老年痴呆症患者在认知 ToM 方面的得分明显低于老年老年痴呆症患者和年轻老年痴呆症患者，但在情感 ToM 方面却没有明显差异。他们的认知 ToM 和情感 ToM 之间的差异也最大。在这两种情况下，年轻的 pwMS 的 ToM 都得到了相对保留。认知 ToM 和情感 ToM 都与整体认知和执行能力相关，但与社会认知测量（情感识别、现实生活中的移情）无关。这项研究表明，认知 ToM 的下降可能会随着年龄的增长而加剧。这些障碍很可能是认知和执行困难造成的，而不是核心社会认知障碍造成的。未来的研究应调查 ToM 能力障碍对 pwMS 现实生活的影响。

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来源期刊

Journal of Neuropsychology 医学-心理学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Neuropsychology publishes original contributions to scientific knowledge in neuropsychology including: • clinical and research studies with neurological, psychiatric and psychological patient populations in all age groups • behavioural or pharmacological treatment regimes • cognitive experimentation and neuroimaging • multidisciplinary approach embracing areas such as developmental psychology, neurology, psychiatry, physiology, endocrinology, pharmacology and imaging science The following types of paper are invited: • papers reporting original empirical investigations • theoretical papers; provided that these are sufficiently related to empirical data • review articles, which need not be exhaustive, but which should give an interpretation of the state of research in a given field and, where appropriate, identify its clinical implications • brief reports and comments • case reports • fast-track papers (included in the issue following acceptation) reaction and rebuttals (short reactions to publications in JNP followed by an invited rebuttal of the original authors) • special issues.