Oversampling for Enhanced Spatial Resolution of Zebrafish by Top-Hat IR-MALDESI-MSI.

Abstract

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become a significant tool for measuring chemical species in biological tissues, where much of the impact of these platforms lies in their capability to report the spatial distribution of analytes for correlation to sample morphology. As a result, enhancement of spatial resolution has become a frontier of innovation in the field, and necessary developments are dependent on the ionization source. More particularly, laser-based imaging sources may require modifications to the optical train or alternative sampling techniques. These challenges are heightened for systems with infrared (IR) lasers, as their operating wavelength generates spot sizes that are inherently larger than their ultraviolet counterparts. Recently, the infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) source has shown the utility of a diffractive optical element (DOE) to produce square ablation patterns, termed top-hat IR-MALDESI. If the DOE optic is combined with oversampling methods, smaller ablation volumes can be sampled to render higher spatial resolution imaging experiments. Further, this approach enables reproducible spot sizes and ablation volumes for better comparison between scans. Herein, we investigate the utility of oversampling with top-hat IR-MALDESI to enhance the spatial resolution of measured lipids localized within the head of sectioned zebrafish tissue. Four different spatial resolutions were evaluated for data quality (e.g., mass measurement accuracy, spectral accuracy) and quantity of annotations. Other experimental parameters to consider for high spatial resolution imaging are also discussed. Ultimately, 20 μm spatial resolution was achieved in this work and supports feasibility for use in future IR-MALDESI studies.