Estimation of age and sex from fingernail clippings by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric interpretation.

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1007/s00414-024-03275-3
Arti Yadav, Chongtham Nimi, Dimple Bhatia, Nisha Rani, Rajinder Singh
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Abstract

Fingernails can act as important forensic evidence as they can be a source of DNA that may link the victim or accused to the crime scene and may also contain traces of drugs such as cocaine and heroin, in regular users. Moreover, previous studies have shown that analyzing fingernails with various techniques can reveal important information, such as age and sex. In this work, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with chemometric tools has been used to estimate the age and sex from fingernails by analyzing 140 fingernail samples (70 males, and 70 females) collected from volunteers aged between 10 and 70 years old. The amide bands obtained from spectra confirmed the presence of keratin proteins in the samples. PCA and PLS-R were used for the classification of samples. For sex estimation, samples were divided into four categories based on age groups, followed by the differentiation of sex in each group. Similarly, for age estimation, all samples were divided into two sets based on male and female followed by differentiation of age groups in each set. The result showed that PLS-R was able to differentiate fingernail samples based on sex in groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 with R-square values of 0.972, 0.993, 0.991, and 0.996, respectively, and based on age in females, and males with R-square values of 0.93 and 0.97, respectively. External validation and blind tests were also performed which showed results with 100% accuracy. This approach has proved to be effective for the estimation of sex and age from fingernail samples.

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利用 ATR-FTIR 光谱和化学计量学解释从指甲屑中估计年龄和性别。
指甲可以作为重要的法医证据,因为指甲是 DNA 的来源,可以将受害人或被告与犯罪现场联系起来,而且指甲中还可能含有经常使用可卡因和海洛因等毒品的痕迹。此外,以往的研究表明,利用各种技术分析指甲可以揭示年龄和性别等重要信息。在这项研究中,我们利用 ATR-FTIR 光谱和化学计量学工具,通过分析从 10 至 70 岁的志愿者身上采集的 140 个指甲样本(70 个男性样本和 70 个女性样本),来估计指甲的年龄和性别。从光谱中获得的酰胺带证实了样本中角蛋白的存在。采用 PCA 和 PLS-R 对样本进行分类。在进行性别估计时,根据年龄组将样本分为四类,然后在每组中进行性别区分。同样,在年龄估计方面,所有样本按男性和女性分为两组,然后在每组中区分年龄组。结果显示,PLS-R 能够根据性别区分 G1、G2、G3 和 G4 组的指甲样本,R 方值分别为 0.972、0.993、0.991 和 0.996;根据年龄区分女性和男性样本,R 方值分别为 0.93 和 0.97。此外,还进行了外部验证和盲测,结果显示准确率达到 100%。事实证明,这种方法对从指甲样本中估计性别和年龄非常有效。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
9.50%
发文量
165
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Legal Medicine aims to improve the scientific resources used in the elucidation of crime and related forensic applications at a high level of evidential proof. The journal offers review articles tracing development in specific areas, with up-to-date analysis; original articles discussing significant recent research results; case reports describing interesting and exceptional examples; population data; letters to the editors; and technical notes, which appear in a section originally created for rapid publication of data in the dynamic field of DNA analysis.
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