Influence of Cathode Materials on the Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Battery Gas Generation During Thermal Runaway

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI:10.1007/s10694-024-01611-y

Ying Zhang, Hong Wang, Hang Yu, Teng Jia, Chuyuan Ma

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Abstract

Gas generation of Lithium-ion batteries(LIB) during the process of thermal runaway (TR), is the key factor that causes battery fire and explosion. Thus, the TR experiments of two types of 18,650 LIB using LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (NCM622) as cathode materials with was carried out with different state of charging (SOC) of 0%, 50% and 100%.The temporal variation of battery vent gas (BVG) during the TR process by a multi-component gas measuring instrument and a gas chromatograph. Results showed that both the BVG compositions of LFP battery and NCM622 battery were CO₂, H₂, CO and alkane. The evolution process of BVG in TR can be divided into four stages: gas gestation stage, safety valve opening, accelerated jet and jet termination.The main combustible gases appeared in the order of H₂ > CH₄ > VOC > CO. The order of gas concentrations were CH₄ > H₂ > VOC > CO. For LFP batteries, the concentrations of CH₄, H₂, VOC and CO increase with SOC, and no combustion behaviors were observed during the three cases of SOC is 0%, 50% and 100%. While for NCM622 batteries, fire occurred at the case of 100% SOC, and the jet sparks brought a sharp rise of the concentrations of H₂, VOC and CO in BVG. The results of battery gas production provide a basis for battery safety monitoring and a new idea for the analysis of battery TR ignition behavior.

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阴极材料对热失控期间锂离子电池气体生成特性的影响

锂离子电池（LIB）在热失控（TR）过程中产生的气体是导致电池起火和爆炸的关键因素。因此，以磷酸铁锂（LFP）和镍钴锰酸锂（NCM622）为正极材料，在 0%、50% 和 100% 的不同充电状态（SOC）下，对两种类型的 18,650 LIB 进行了热失控实验。结果表明，LFP 电池和 NCM622 电池的放空气体成分均为 CO2、H2、CO 和烷烃。TR 中 BVG 的演变过程可分为四个阶段：气体酝酿阶段、安全阀打开、加速喷射和喷射终止。气体浓度的顺序为 CH4 > H2 > VOC > CO。对于 LFP 电池，CH4、H2、VOC 和 CO 的浓度随着 SOC 的增加而增加，在 SOC 为 0%、50% 和 100%的三种情况下均未观察到燃烧行为。而 NCM622 电池在 SOC 为 100%时发生了燃烧，喷射的火花导致 BVG 中 H2、VOC 和 CO 的浓度急剧上升。电池气体产生的结果为电池安全监控提供了依据，也为分析电池 TR 点火行为提供了新思路。

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来源期刊

Fire Technology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

14.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis. The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large. It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.