Urine biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without microvascular complications.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Nutrition & Diabetes Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1038/s41387-024-00310-5

Chanyuan Zhang, Tiebing Liu, Xiaoqian Wang, Jing Yang, Dongfang Qin, Yin Liang, Xuejing Wang

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the distribution of nine (9) urine biomarkers in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with or without microvascular complications.

Methods: In total, 407 people with T2DM were enrolled from 2021 to 2022. According to diabetic retinopathy (DR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), the 407 people were divided into four (4) groups, DR(-)UACR(-), DR(+)UACR(-), DR(-)UACR(+), and DR( + )UACR(+). In addition, 112 healthy volunteers were enrolled during the same period. The nine (9) urine markers included α1-microglobulin (u-α1MG), immunoglobulin G (u-IgG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid carrier protein (u-NGAL), cystatin C (u-CysC), retinol-binding protein (u-RBP), β2-microglobulin (u-β2MG), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (u-NAG), transferrin (u-Trf), and collagen type IV (u-Col). For each marker, the respective level of 97.5 percentile in healthy volunteers was taken as an upper reference limit.

Results: Among the 407 people, 248 individuals (61%) were DR(-)UACR(-), 100 (25%) were DR(-)UACR(+), 37 (9%) were DR(+)UACR(-), and 22 (5%) were DR(+)UACR(+). The u-NAG/Cr biomarker level showed a significant difference between healthy participants and people with T2DM. In the DR(-)UACR(-)group, u-Trf/Cr showed the highest positive rate (21.37%), followed by u-IgG/Cr (14.52%); u-NAG/Cr (10.48%); u-β2MG/Cr (4.44%); u-CysC/Cr (4.03%); u-NGAL/Cr (4.03%); u-RBP/Cr (2.82%); u-α1MG/Cr (2.42%); 17.34% of people with T2DM showed multiple biomarkers positive (≥2 biomarkers). The positive rates of one biomarker (21.33%) and two biomarkers (18.67%) in people who have less than five (5) years of T2DM were almost close to those of the DR(-)UACR(-) group (21.37%, and 12.10%, respectively).

Conclusion: Renal tubule biomarkers may be used as an indicator in the early detection and monitoring of renal injury in diabetes mellitus. The u-NAG biomarker should be measured for the people with T2DM of the first-time diagnosis.

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伴有或不伴有微血管并发症的 2 型糖尿病患者的尿液生物标志物。

目的调查有或无微血管并发症的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者体内九（9）种尿液生物标志物的分布情况：方法：在2021年至2022年期间，共招募了407名T2DM患者。根据糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和尿白蛋白-肌酐比值（UACR），这407人被分为四（4）组，即DR（-）UACR（-）组、DR（+）UACR（-）组、DR（-）UACR（+）组和DR( + )UACR（+）组。此外，同期还招募了 112 名健康志愿者。九（9）种尿液标记物包括：α1-微球蛋白（u-α1MG）、免疫球蛋白 G（u-IgG）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质载体蛋白（u-NGAL）、胱抑素 C（u-CysC）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质载体蛋白（u-NGAL）、胱抑素 C（u-CysC）、视黄醇结合蛋白（u-RBP）、β2-微球蛋白（u-β2MG）、N-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（u-NAG）、转铁蛋白（u-Trf）和Ⅳ型胶原（u-Col）。对于每种标记物，均以健康志愿者各自的 97.5 百分位数水平作为参考上限：在407人中，248人（61%）为DR(-)UACR(-)，100人（25%）为DR(-)UACR(+)，37人（9%）为DR(+)UACR(-)，22人（5%）为DR(+)UACR(+)。健康参与者与 T2DM 患者的 u-NAG/Cr 生物标志物水平存在显著差异。在DR（-）UACR（-）组中，u-Trf/Cr的阳性率最高（21.37%），其次是u-IgG/Cr（14.52%）；u-NAG/Cr（10.48%）；u-β2MG/Cr（4.44%）；u-CysC/Cr（4.03%）；u-NGAL/Cr（4.03%）；u-RBP/Cr（2.82%）；u-α1MG/Cr（2.42%）；17.34%的T2DM患者出现多种生物标志物阳性（≥2种生物标志物）。T2DM病程少于5年的人群中，一种生物标志物阳性率（21.33%）和两种生物标志物阳性率（18.67%）几乎接近DR（-）UACR（-）组（分别为21.37%和12.10%）：结论：肾小管生物标志物可作为早期发现和监测糖尿病肾损伤的指标。初诊的 T2DM 患者应检测 u-NAG 生物标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition & Diabetes ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-NUTRITION & DIETETICS

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition & Diabetes is a peer-reviewed, online, open access journal bringing to the fore outstanding research in the areas of nutrition and chronic disease, including diabetes, from the molecular to the population level.