The Roles of mTOR Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: From Pathogenesis to Therapy

Ting Gong, Gui Cao, Danyang Sun, Tongtong Ge, Ping Li
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Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy caused by cancer of the mucosal epithelial cells of the nasopharynx. Most patients with NPC present with distant metastases and treatment resistance, both of which challenge current anti-tumour drugs. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is one of the most highly activated signalling pathways in NPC and plays an important role in various cellular activities. Dysfunction of mTOR and related signalling pathways induces tumour metabolism and growth. In this review, we summarize current evidence to evaluate the potential mechanisms by which mTOR is implicated in NPC. It was found that activating mTOR and its upstream and downstream signalling can promote tumor growth and survival of NPC. It is possible that EMT and autophagy regulated by cellular mTOR signalling activities may be implicated in the metastases and radioresistance of NPC.

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mTOR信号在鼻咽癌中的作用:从发病机制到治疗
鼻咽癌是一种由鼻咽粘膜上皮细胞癌变引起的上皮性恶性肿瘤。大多数鼻咽癌患者都有远处转移和耐药性,这两种情况都对目前的抗肿瘤药物提出了挑战。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标(mTOR)信号通路是鼻咽癌中最活跃的信号通路之一,在各种细胞活动中发挥着重要作用。mTOR及相关信号通路的功能障碍会诱导肿瘤的代谢和生长。在本综述中,我们总结了目前的证据,以评估 mTOR 与鼻咽癌相关的潜在机制。研究发现,激活 mTOR 及其上下游信号可促进鼻咽癌的肿瘤生长和存活。由细胞mTOR信号活动调控的EMT和自噬可能与鼻咽癌的转移和放射抗性有关。
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