Mechanism of KOH-Modified Biochar Application Under Water-Saving and Nitrogen-Reducing Conditions to Inhibit Soybean Root Rot and Improve Quality And Efficiency

IF 3.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.1007/s42729-024-01913-8
Yubo Wang, Chao Liu, Junxi Jiang, Fenfen Shi, Weihua Wang
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Abstract

To elucidate the mechanism of modified biochar in inhibiting soybean root rot and improving its quality. The effects of 0 t·ha−1 (CK), 15 t·ha−1 (15BC; 15KBC), 30 t·ha−1 (30BC; 30KBC) and 45 t·ha−1 (45BC; 45KBC) of raw biochar (BC) and modified biochar (KBC) on the incidence of root rot, rhizosphere soil ecological environment and quality were studied. The improvement of soybean root rot by BC was very weak, and the application of 45 t·ha−1 BC could reduce soybean root rot by about 7% only. Compared with the BC treatment, the disease index of 30KBC and 45KBC was 22.17% and 19.82% less than CK, respectively. High application rates of BC and KBC increased the aeration, bacterial abundance and diversity of soybean rhizosphere soil, and improved the proportion of soil nutrients. The 30KBC and 45KBC significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Acidobacteria, Mortierellomycota, Pseudomonas, Chryseolinea, Lysobacter and Mortierella) and decreased that of pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota and Fusarium) in soil. Soybean quality indicators including oil content, K, P and protein content correspond to 30KBC. The biochar can improve soil physicochemical properties, reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and increase that of beneficial bacteria, thereby reducing root rot incidence and improving soybean quality. Under the condition of water saving and nitrogen reduction, 30KBC is the optimum. This study is significant for alleviating soybean continuous cropping obstacles, disease prevention and control, and improving soybean quality.

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节水降氮条件下施用 KOH 改性生物炭抑制大豆根腐病并提高质量和效益的机理
阐明改性生物炭抑制大豆根腐病和改善其品质的机理。研究了 0 t-ha-1(CK)、15 t-ha-1(15BC;15KBC)、30 t-ha-1(30BC;30KBC)和 45 t-ha-1(45BC;45KBC)原生物炭(BC)和改性生物炭(KBC)对大豆根腐病发病率、根瘤土壤生态环境和品质的影响。BC 对大豆根腐病的改善作用很弱,施用 45 t-ha-1 BC 仅能降低大豆根腐病发生率约 7%。与 BC 处理相比,30KBC 和 45KBC 的病害指数分别比 CK 低 22.17% 和 19.82%。BC 和 KBC 的高施用率提高了大豆根圈土壤的通气性、细菌丰度和多样性,改善了土壤养分比例。30KBC 和 45KBC 能显著提高土壤中有益菌(酸细菌、毛霉菌群、假单胞菌、绿脓杆菌、溶菌酶和毛霉菌)的相对丰度,降低病原菌(类杆菌、子囊菌群和镰刀菌)的相对丰度。大豆的质量指标,包括含油量、钾、钾和蛋白质含量都与 30KBC 相符。生物炭可以改善土壤理化性质,降低病原菌的相对丰度,增加有益菌的相对丰度,从而降低根腐病的发病率,改善大豆品质。在节水降氮的条件下,30KBC 为最佳。这项研究对于缓解大豆连作障碍、防控病害、提高大豆品质具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.30%
发文量
331
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science. Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration. Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies. Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome. The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.
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